James Bolivar Manson (June 26, 1879 in London - July 3, 1945 in London) was an artist and worked in the Tate gallery for 25 years, becoming Director of 1930-1938. In Tate's own evaluation, he was "the least successful" of their Directors. His time there was frustrated by his obstructed ambition as a painter and he rejected alcoholism, culminating in a drunken blast at an official dinner in Paris. Although his artistic policy was more advanced than ever at Tate and embraced Impressionism, he stopped accepting newer artistic movements such as Surrealism and German Expressionism, resulting in criticisms like Douglas Cooper. He retired with poor health reasons and started his career as a flower painter until his death.
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James Bolivar Manson was born in 65 Appach Road, Brixton, London, to Margaret Emily (nÃÆ' Â © e Deering) and James Alexander Manson, who is the first literary editor of the Daily Chronicle , editor for Cassell & amp; Co Ltd and the British Creators series for Walter Scott Publishing Co. Manson's middle name is after SimÃÆ'³n BolÃÆ'var. His grandfather was also named James Bolivar Manson. She has an older sister, Margaret Esther Manson, a sister, Rhoda Mary Manson, and three younger brothers, Charles Deering Manson, Robert Graham Manson (a musician and composer) and Magnus Murray Manson.
At the age of 16, he left Alleyn's School, Dulwich, and, in the face of his father's opposition to painting as a career, became an office boy with publisher George Newnes, and then a bank clerk, a job he hated and lightened with birds and practical jokes. Meanwhile he painstakingly studied painting at Heatherley School of Fine Art from 1890 and later Lambeth School of Art, and was encouraged by Lilian Beatrice Laugher, a violinist who studied with Joachim in Berlin and lived in the household, which at the time was at 7 Ardbeg Road, Herne Hill, London.
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Wedding
In 1903, Manson left the bank's work, hung his silk cap on a pole and pushed his companions to point the stone at him. He married Laugher and they moved to the Latin Quarter in Paris, rented a room for $ 1 a month and saves in the studio together with Charles Polowetski, Bernard Gussow and Jacob Epstein, who became lifelong friends and with whom he studied at Acadà © mi Julian, dominated by the enemy Impressionist, Adolphe Bouguereau; sometimes Jean-Paul Laurens was taught.
After a year, Mansons returned to London and their daughter Mary was born, followed two years later by Jean. They lived on the top two floors on Adelaide Street, Hampstead, where his wife gave music lessons up front and Manson set up a studio behind, arranging a tight family budget on the kitchen wall much to his displeasure. In 1908 they moved to a small house in Hampstead Way, where they lived for 30 years. Lilian succeeds Bernard Shaw's mother as musical director at the London Collegiate School for Girls; in 1910 The Times watched the rise of Purcell's
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Lilian is a close friend of Tate director Charles Aitken and, in the summer of 1911, Mansons stayed with him at a holiday home in Alfriston, Sussex. Manson has helped Aitken by hanging out the show at Tate and the Director was quite impressed to suggest Manson take on the Clerk's job, empty since his former inhabitants have stolen a small fortune. Manson achieved by far the best results of four applicants taking the appropriate civil servant exam, and, aged 33, became Tate Clerk on December 9, 1912 with an annual salary of £ 150. His reluctance to take the job had been overcome by his wife, who wanted supplies for both daughters they; he continues to paint intensely on weekends.
With Keeper, he is jointly responsible for staff supervision, office administration and collection maintenance. Manson is thought to have given Aitken a taste of French Impressionism and has highlighted Camden Town Group, although its leader, Walter Sickert, is still outside the official canon. When a Sickert was offered to Tate in 1915, Manson wrote, "Tell the Superintendent I think it's a very good Sickert - but the question is whether he's important enough to Tate, I do not think so, but as an artist's old friend I may be a prejudiced judge. "
In 1914, he joined the London Group. From 1915, he demonstrated working with the New English Art Club (NEAC). Because his work for galleries is deemed indispensable, he is exempt from military service; in 1917, he was promoted to Assistant Keeper. In 1919, Lucien Pissarro formed the Monarro Group with Manson as the Secretary of London and ThÃÆ' Â © o van Rysselberghe as the secretary of Paris, aiming to show artists inspired by Impressionist painters Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro; the group quit three years later. In 1923, at the Leicester Gallery, Manson held his first solo performance. In 1927, he became a member of NEAC. His reputation as an artist primarily as a painter of flowers and art is his ultimate ambition, but he is not sure if this will allow him to earn a full-time life - in 1928 he asked Roger Fry's suggestion on this issue. However, in 1930, he became Director of Tate, a post he held until 1938.
He also writes art critics, as well as the introduction of the Tate collection, the Clock in the Tate Gallery (1926) and the book on Degas (1927), Rembrandt (1929), John Singer Sargent and Dutch paintings.
Director of Tate
Manson had a minor accident, which he delayed taking the position of Director of Tate by a month, until August 1930. According to Tate's website, he was "the most successful of the Tate Directors." Her own artistic ambitions have not been met, she has an unhappy marriage and she drinks too much; he suffers from depression, fainting and paranoia; and he's been out of work for a long time. Kenneth Clark describes him as having "reddened face, white hair and twinkle in his eyes, and these twinkles take him out of a scratch that will drown a more precious person without a trace."
During his tenure as Director, there is no annual funding for acquisitions from the government; he must reject the offer of Camille Pissarro to lend his painting La Causette because the gallery has no funds for transportation and insurance. Manson complained to his friend Lucien Pissarro about the conservative sense of the supervisory council - who rejected a masterpiece by Monet and Renoir - although he himself rejected the Post Impressionist work, disregarded London performances by artists such as Van Gogh and Matisse, until he had no choice but to accept two oil by the latter in 1933 as part of the inheritance. That same year, he and the Watchdog rejected contributions from four paintings of William Coldstream and two statues of Henry Moore, and, in 1935, refused to buy Matisse Interior with Images for Ã, Â £ 2000, refused the loan from Picabia Courtyard in France and also offers three Roger Fry oil rewards. In 1938, Manson asked Sir Robert Sainsbury if Tate could borrow a study of Eve by the French sculptor Charles Despiau. Sainsbury agrees on condition that the gallery also shows 1932 "Mother and Child from my friend Henry Moore." Manson's answer was, "Above my dead body."
Although Frank Rutter, an art critic of the Sunday Times, praised the progress in gallery positions on art since its foundation, others - notably Douglas Cooper - who is familiar with contemporary European avant-garde art, such as Surrealism and German Expressismism ( who is totally unrepresented in Tate) dismissed him as "hopeless". Manson preferred to feature the popular Cricket Pictures show, coinciding with the Ashes tour of 1934, and in 1935 replaced the exhibition by Professor Tonks for Sickert's proposed retrospective.
The high points of the "irregular and boring" exhibition program are one hundred years, in 1933 the birth of Edward Burne-Jones and in 1937 from the death of John Constable. Other accomplishments achieved during his tenure included an official name change from "National Gallery, Millbank" to "Tate Gallery" in October 1932, planting a cherry tree outside in 1933, installing electric lights in 1935 and an extra toilet. Manson in the 1932 Venice Biennale UK selection committee, as well as performances in Brussels in 1932 and Bucharest in 1936.
Decline
Toward the end of his tenure, Manson's life declined to alcoholism; he was drunk at the Council meeting and on one occasion wrapped in a blanket and done after he fell to the floor. He suffered a public blow to the prestige, when a staff member wrote in the catalog that the French artist Utrillo had died and had "confirmed dipsomaniac" - nothing true - leading to a court case with Manson being named the defendant; settlement in court on February 17, 1938 including the purchase of Tate from Utrillo paintings.
On March 4, 1938, Manson attended a dinner organized by Kenneth Clark at the George V Hotel in Paris to celebrate the British Exhibition taking place at the Louvre museum. Clive Bell records the incident in the letter to his wife:
Manson arrives at the dÃÆ' Â © jeuner given by the Beaux Arts Minister who is amazingly intoxicated - interspersed with a cat-calling ceremony and chicken-a-doodle-doos, and finally stumbles to his feet, throwing an obscene insult at the company in general and the Minister in particular , and settles herself on the ambassadress, Lady Phipps, some say with the intentions of other people's romance with deadly intent.
Bell concluded:
the guests fled, eaten coffee,... I hope an example will be made, and that they will take the opportunity to turn over sate from Tate, not because he is sot, but because he has done nothing but danger. to a modern painting.
Kenneth Clark has stated that Manson was asked to resign on health grounds due to the State Department's request.
In the period before the public announcement was made of him leaving Tate, he was the cause of further controversy. A number of statues, chosen by Marcel Duchamp and traveling from Paris to the Peggy Guggenheim gallery in London, have been held by customs officers, who need to ascertain whether they are truly art and thus exempt from duty. In such circumstances, the arbitrator is the Director of Tate. The artists include Jean Arp and Raymond Duchamp-Villon. Manson said Constantin BrÃÆ'n ncu? I's
Retirement
At the age of 58, Manson announced his retirement:
My doctor had warned me that my nerves would not take it anymore... I was already unconscious, where my actions became automatic. Sometimes this period lasts several hours.... I have one of these outages at the official banquet in Paris recently, and surprise the guests by suddenly crowing like chickens....
He applied for a twenty-five-year retirement at Tate on the grounds of a nervous breakdown, and received one that he said was worth 1 pound per day, along with a gift from the paint box staff to improve his ability. the habit of carrying a paint brush in a paper bag. His successor as Director, Sir John Rothenstein found that Manson had increased his low salary by selling off the basement work, referred to by the staff as a "share of the Director".
Manson left his wife and home in Hampstead Garden Suburb to "get away from women" and take time to paint, first perched on Harrington Road, South Kensington, and then, not long afterwards, on the road to Boltons Studios. He settled with Elizabeth (Cecily Haywood). From 1939, he showed at the Royal Academy. He died in 1945, after observing, "The roses are dying, and so am I."
Legacy
In March and April 1946, a memorial was held at the Wildenstein Gallery in London with 59 works in oil, watercolors, paintings, drawings and pastels, dating from 1903 to 1945. The second show was held in August and September at Ferens Art. Gallery, Hull, with 58 works - 32 oils, 14 watercolors and 12 pastels.
In 1973, a retrospective was held at Maltzahn Gallery, Cork Street, London. His work is in Tate and many other galleries in England and abroad.
A large retrospective of the Camden Town Group was held at Tate Britain in 2008, but eliminated eight of the 17 members, including Duncan Grant, James Dickson Innes, Augustus John, Henry Lamb, Wyndham Lewis and Manson, who, according to Wendy Baron, "too little individual character ".
Notes and references
External links
- Tom Furness, 'James Bolivar Manson 1879-1945', biography artist, January 2011, in Helena Bonett, Ysanne Holt, Jennifer Mundy (eds.),
Camden City in Context , Tate, May 2012, http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/james-bolivar-manson-r1105350
- Manson's work on Tate
- Manson's Promise to Tate Clerk at London Gazette (column 2)
- "Archive material related to James Bolivar Manson". National Archives of England.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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