Jasper Johns (born May 15, 1930) is an American painter, sculptor, and artist whose work is associated with abstractism, Neo-Dada, and pop art. He is famous for portraying American flags and other US related topics. The work of Johns regularly receives millions of dollars in sales and auctions, including the $ 110 million sale reported in 2010. At some times the work of Johns holds the most paid title for a work by a living artist.
Johns has received numerous awards throughout his career, including the National Medal of Arts in 1990, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011. In 2018, The New York Times called him the United States' live artist the leading ones. "
Video Jasper Johns
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Born in Augusta, Georgia, Jasper Johns spent his youth in Allendale, South Carolina, with his father's grandparents after his parents' marriage failed. He then spent a year living with his mother in Columbia, South Carolina, and after that he spent several years living with his aunt, Gladys in Lake Murray, South Carolina, twenty-two miles from Columbia. He completed the 1947 Edmunds High School class (now Sumter High School) in Sumter, South Carolina, where he once again lived with his mother. Counting back to this period in his life, he once said, "Where I was a kid, no artist and no art, so I really do not know what that means.I think I mean that I will be in a situation that different from what I am facing. "
Johns studied a total of three semesters at the University of South Carolina, from 1947 to 1948. He then moved to New York City and studied briefly at the Parsons School of Design in 1949. In 1952 and 1953 he was stationed in Sendai, Japan, during the Korean War.
In 1954, after returning to New York, John met Robert Rauschenberg and they became long-term lovers. For a while they lived in the same building as Rachel Rosenthal. In the same period he was strongly influenced by gay couples Merce Cunningham (choreographer) and John Cage (a composer). Work with them to explore the world of contemporary art, and begin to develop their ideas about art.
In 1958, gallery owner Leo Castelli discovered Johns while visiting Rauschenberg's studio. Castelli gave him his first solo performance. This is where Alfred Barr, founding director of New York's Museum of Modern Art, bought four works from this show. In 1963, Johns and Cage founded the Contemporary Performing Arts Foundation, now known as the Contemporary Art Foundation in New York City.
Johns currently lives in Sharon, Connecticut, and on the island of Saint Martin. Until 2012, he lived in a rural 1930s farmhouse with a glass-walled studio in Stony Point, New York. He first visited Saint Martin in the late 1960s and bought the property there in 1972. Architects Philip Johnson was the principal designer of Saint Martin's house, a long, white, rectangular structure divided into three distinct sections.
Maps Jasper Johns
Work
Painting
Johns is famous for his paintings Flag (1954-55), which he painted after dreaming of the American flag. His work is often described as Neo-Dadais, which is contrary to pop art, although the subject often includes images and objects from popular culture. However, many compilations on pop art include Jasper Johns as a pop artist due to the artistic use of its classic iconography.
Initial work is structured using simple schemes such as flags, maps, targets, letters and numbers. Johns' treatment of surfaces is often fertile and painting; he is famous for combining media such as a watery relief and plaster in his paintings. John plays with and presents contradictions, contradictions, paradoxes, and irony, such as Marcel Duchamp (which is associated with the Dada movement). Johns also produces intaglio prints, sculptures and lithographs with the same motif.
Johns' breakthrough step, which to inform many later works by others, is a popular iconography suitable for painting, allowing a set of known associations to answer the subject's needs. Although abstract expressionists belittle the subject matter, it can be said that in the end, they just change the subject. Johns neutralizes the subject, so something like a pure-painted surface can reveal itself. For twenty years after Johns painted the Flag, his surface could be sufficient - for example, in the silkscreens of Andy Warhol, or in the work of ambient Robert Irwin.
The paintings of abstract expressionist figures such as Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning are indexical because they stand effectively as signatures on the canvas. In contrast, Neo-Dadais such as Johns and Rauschenberg seemed preoccupied with diminishing their art dependence on indexical qualities, instead seeking meaning solely through the use of conventional symbols. Some interpret this as a rejection of sanctified individualism from abstract expressionists. Their works also imply symbols that exist outside the referential context. Johns Flag , for example, is essentially a visual object, separated from its symbolic connotation and reduced to something within itself.
Statue
Johns made his sculptures in the candle first, cultivating the surface in an intricate texture pattern, often superimposing the circled elements such as a trace of newspaper, or key, the cast of his friend's leg Merce Cunningham, or one of his own. He then threw a candle in bronze, and, finally, worked on the surface again, applying patina. Flashlight is one of the earliest spill-based sculptures. One statue, a two-sided relief entitled Fragment of a Letter (2009), incorporates parts of a letter from Vincent van Gogh to his friend, artist ÃÆ' â € ° mile Bernard. Using a block of type, Johns presses the letters of van Gogh's words into the candle. On the other hand he spelled the letter in the American Sign Language alphabet with his own stamps. Finally, he signed his name in the candle with his hand in sign language. Numbers (2007) is the largest single bronze Johns created and illustrates the current classic pattern of stencil numbers repeated in the box.
Since 1960 Johns has collaborated with Universal Limited Art Editions, Inc. (ULAE) in various graphic arts techniques to investigate and develop existing compositions. Initially, lithography fits well with Johns and allows him to create a printed version of the iconic depictions of flags, maps, and targets that fill his paintings. In 1971, Johns became the first artist in ULAE to use a hand offset lithographic press, producing Decoy - an image embodied in graphic art before it was made in drawing or painting. However, apart from the Lead Reliefs series of 1969, he has focused his efforts on lithography at Gemini G.E.L. In 1976, John partnered with writer Samuel Beckett to create Foirades/Fizzles ; the book includes 33 paintings, which reviewed Johns' previous work and five text fragments by Beckett. He also worked with Atelier Crommelynck in Paris, in collaboration with the Petersburg Press from London and New York; and Simca Print Artists in New York. In 2000, Johns produced a limited-edition linocut for Grenfell Press.
In 1973, Johns produced a print titled Cup 2 Picasso , for XXe siÃÆ'¨cle , a French publication. For the May 2014 edition of Art in America , he created a black-and-white lithograph that depicted many of his signature motives, including numbers, US maps and sign language.
Collaboration
For decades Johns worked with others to raise funds and attention for Merce Cunningham's choreography. He personally helped Robert Rauschenberg in some 1950s designs for Cunningham. In the spring of 1963, Johns helped start the Contemporary Performing Arts Foundation, then intended to sponsor and raise funds in performance; Other founders are John Cage, Elaine de Kooning, designer David Hayes, and Lewis B. Lloyd's theater producer. Johns then was an artistic adviser to the Cunningham Dance Company Dancers from 1967 to 1980. In 1968 Johns and Cunningham created a theater-inspired section of Duchamp, Walking Time , in which Johns's dà ©  © cor replicates elements of the work Duchamp The Large Glass (1915-23). Previously, Johns also wrote the neodada lyrics for The Druds, a short-lived avant-garde music art music band featuring prominent members of New York's proto-conceptual art and minimal art community.
Commission
In 1964, architect Philip Johnson, a friend, assigned Johns to make a work for what is now the David H. Koch Theater in Lincoln Center. After leading the theater lobby for 35 years, Numbers (1964), 9 feet by 9 feet, should be sold by the center to report $ 15 million. Art historians consider the Numbers a historically important work in part because it is the largest number of artist number motifs and the only one in which each unit is on a separate litter, formed from a material called Sculpmetal, chosen by artist for its durability. In response to widespread criticism, the Lincoln Center council had to cancel its sales plan.
Assessment
In 1998, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York bought the Johns the White Flag . While the Museum will not reveal how much is paid, The New York Times reports that "experts estimate the value of [painting] more than $ 20 million". The National Gallery of Art gained about 1,700 proofs of Johns in 2007. This makes the gallery home to the greatest works of Johns held by one institution. The exhibition shows the works of many points in Johns's career, including the latest evidence from his prints. The Greenville County Museum of Art in Greenville, South Carolina, has several parts in their permanent collection.
Johns was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1984. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. On February 15, 2011 he received Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, becoming the first painter or sculptor to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom since Alexander Calder in 1977. In 1990 he was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Associate Member and became Full academics in 1994.
Teksnya Statement (1959) telah diterbitkan dalam Theory and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists 'Writings .
Since the 1980s, Johns has only produced four to five paintings per year; some years he did not produce anything. Large-scale paintings are highly favored by collectors and because of their scarcity is very difficult to obtain. His works from the mid to late 1950s, usually seen as a period of revolt against abstractism, remain the most sought after. The Skate Art Market Research (Skate Press, Ltd.), a New York-based advisory firm serving private and institutional investors in the art market, has put Jasper Johns as the 30th most valuable artist in the world. The corporate index of the 1000 most valuable artworks sold at auction - 1000 Skate - contains 7 Johns works.
In 1980, the Whitney Museum of American Art paid $ 1 million for Three Flags (1958), then the highest price ever paid for the work of a living artist. In 1988, Johns' False Start was sold at auction in Sotheby to Samuel I. Newhouse, Jr. for $ 17.05 million, set a record at that time as the highest price paid for a work by artists living in the auction, and the second highest price paid for a work of art at auction in the US In 2006, private collectors Anne and Kenneth Griffin (founder of the Chicago Citadel LLC hedge fund) purchased False Start (1959) from David Geffen for $ 80 million, making it the most expensive painting by a living artist. On November 11, 2014, the 1983 Flag was auctioned at Sotheby in New York for $ 36 million, setting a new auction record for Johns.
The most expensive work on sale from Jasper Johns is Flag (1958), one of the series, sold personally to billionaire hedge fund Steven A. Cohen in 2010 to report $ 110 million (then Ã, £ 73 million; EUR81.7 million). The seller is Jean-Christophe Castelli, son of Leo Castelli, legendary dealer Mr. Johns, who died in 1999. While prices are not disclosed by the parties, art experts say Mr. Cohen paid about $ 110 million. "Flag" is the most famous work of Jasper Johns. The artist painted his first American flag in 1954-55, a work now in MoMA.
Other jobs
In popular culture
- In "Mom and Pop Art", 1999 episode of animated television series The Simpsons, guest star of Johns as herself.
References
- Notes
- References
- Busch, Julia M., Decade Sculpture: New Media in the 1960s (Pers Art Alliance: Philadelphia; Associated University Presses: London, 1974) ISBNÃ, 0 -87982-007-1
- Further reading
- Bernstein, Roberta. Painting and Sculpture Jasper Johns, 1954-1974: "Focus on Changing the Eye." . Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1985.
- Bernstein, Roberta; Tone, Lilian; Johns, Jasper and Varnedoe, Kirk. Jasper Johns: A Retrospective , Museum of Modern Art, 2006.
- Castleman, Riva. Japser Johns: A Print Retrospetive . Museum of Modern Art 1986.
- Crichton, Michael. Jasper Johns , Whitney/Abrams, 1977 (not printed).
- Hess, Barbara. Jasper Johns. The Business of the Eye . Taschen, KÃÆ'¶ln 2007.
- Johns, Jasper; Varnedoe, Kirk; Hollevoet, Christel; and Frank, Robert. Jasper Johns: Writings, Sketch Notes, Interview , Museum of Modern Art, 2002 (not printed).
- Kozloff, Max. Jasper Johns , Abrams, 1972. (not printed)
- Krauss, Rosalind E. and Knight, Christopher. "Dividing the decision: Jasper Johns in retrospection" Artforum , September 1996. Findarticles.com
- Kuspit, Donald (2010). "Jasper Johns: The Graying of Modernism". Psychodrama: Modern Art as Group Therapy . London: Ziggurat. pp.Ã, 417-425. ISBN: 9780956103895.
- Orton, Fred. Searching Jasper Johns , Reaktion Books, 1994.
- Pearlman, Debra. Where is Jasper Johns? (Adventures in Art) , Prestel Publishing, 2006.
- Rosenberg, Harold. "Jasper Johns: Things Mind Already Know". Vogue , 1964.
- Shapiro, David. Picture of Jasper Johns 1954-1984 . Abrams 1984 (not printed).
- Steinberg, Leo. Jasper Johns . New York: George Wittenborn, 1963.
- Tomkins, Calvin. From the Wall: Robert Rauschenberg and the World of Arts in our day . Doubleday. 1980.
- Weiss, Jeffrey. Jasper Johns: Allegory Painting, 1955-1965 , Yale Press University, 2007.
- Yau, John. A Thing Among Things: The Art of Jasper Johns, D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 2008.
External links
- Jasper Johns in the National Gallery of Australia Kenneth Tyler's collection
- "Jasper Johns's Work at National Gallery" Curator Jeffery Weiss discusses the Johns exhibition at the National Gallery. Charlie Rose pointed out April 2007.
- VAGA - To remove the right to reproduce the work of Johns
- Jasper Johns: A Allegory of Painting, 1955-1965, National Art Gallery, Washington, DC
- State and Variation: Print by Jasper Johns at National Art Gallery
- Jasper Johns (born 1930) Chronology of Art History | Metropolitan Art Museum
- Jasper Johns at the Museum of Modern Art
- Bio Jasper Johns on artchive.com
- Mark in the Museum of Modern Art
- White Flag at the Metropolitan Art Museum
- Lifetime award - National Art Medal
- PBS Jasper Johns 2008
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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