Jacob Eichholtz (1776-1842) was an early American painter, best known for his portraits in the Romantic Victorian tradition. Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in a prosperous Pennsylvania family of Germans, he spends much of his professional life in Philadelphia. As a copper trader, he turned to painting and achieved recognition and success even though most were taught autodidactically as artists. He is known to have painted more than 800 portraits for 35 years. Hundreds of his work is kept in art museums, historical communities, and private collections throughout the United States.
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He was born by Leonard and Catharine Eichholtz, who owns and runs the Bull's Head Tavern at East King Street in Lancaster; his father took part in the American Revolutionary War. At the age of 11, Jacob and his siblings attended the English School at Franklin College in Lancaster where he studied three R - reading, 'reading and' arithmetic. He also took lessons from sign painters since his parents saw his tendency to draw, but eventually he was apprenticed as a copper copper. After his apprenticeship ended, he began working as a tinsmith with sheet metal. In 1805, Eichholtz opened his own shop in Lancaster where he, "fixing the sugar box, copper tin cans, and making coffee pots, washing basins, lanterns, stills, and funnels."
Eichholtz married Catharine Hatz Michael (1770-1817), a young widow with two children; they have four children of their own, Caroline, Catharine Maria, Rubens Mayer, and Margaret Amelia. In 1818, he married Catharine Trissler of Lancaster, and they had nine children, Edward, Anna Maria, Elizabeth Susanna, Benjamin West, Angelica Kauffman, Rebecca, Henry, Robert Lindsay and Lavallyn Barry.
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From the tinsmith to painter
In 1808-1812, Eichholtz hired several workers to work in the shop, and spent most of his time offering his fellow Lancastrian, at first, painted leads, and then, a small profile portrait on wood panels, to diversify his business and satisfy his desire to draw. After developing his proficiency as a profile painter and getting enough clients to keep his family, Eichholtz decided to make his painting the ultimate call. In 1808, Eichholtz advertised that he "executes Portrait and Profile paintings" at Lancaster Weekly Intelligence and Advertiser Advertiser . In his own words, "I started a copper business on my own account, with enough luck, still love the more fun paintings keep haunting me."
Two established painters, James Peale and Thomas Sully influence Eichholtz. In 1808, James Peale visited Lancaster and became acquainted with Eichholtz, who commissioned Peale with his portrait. Thomas Sully befriended Eichholtz when he visited Lancaster on business and accepted his invitation to work in his painting room. At that time, Sully was not impressed by Eichholtz's efforts in paintings that call them horrible, but he left her brush as a present before leaving Lancaster. Later, Sully wrote that she was shocked and grateful to see how much of Eichholtz's painting skills improved, and that, "Eichholtz will be the first-rate painter he started early in life with the usual benefits." During the winter of 1811-1812, Eichholtz went to Boston where he spent several weeks at Gilbert Stuart's studio copying his work under Stuart's supervision. Stuart encouraged Eichholtz to continue painting. In 1815, Eichholtz sold his business and turned to painting. In 1820, he visited Baltimore to fulfill a portrait commission; he also worked in Pittsburgh and Delaware.
In 1823, Eichholtz moved to Philadelphia where he, as he later wrote, faced both, "endless practice for ten years, and regular employment." He is exhibiting with the Society of Artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
Next life and death
Eichholtz moved back to Lancaster in 1830 where he died in 1842. He and his family were originally buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity Lutheran at South Duke Street in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In the early 1850s, the Church of the Holy Trinity attempted to extend the church's yard, so the church moved most of the tombstones and remnants to the new Woodward Hill Cemetery, Lot 33 Area B, including the remains of Eichholtz and his family. Eichholtz is buried in the same grave with his wives and children. In 2014, Eichholtz's headstone, made of marble, has deteriorated due to age and acid rain, making the inscription unreadable. Local historians call for the restoration of the headstone, and the installation of brass plaques on the grave site to mark his achievements.
Recognition
For decades Jacob Eichholtz's artistic legacy has been ignored. As time went on, a reassessment of the significance of its achievement occurred and "Thaddeus Stevens and James Buchanan portraits were generally accepted as the best that the statesman did."
Gallery
References
Further reading
- Hensel, W. U. Jacob Eichholtz, Painter: Some "Lean Leaves" from Ledger Early Artist Lancaster. An Address Presented at Opening of Exposition of Portrait Evolution in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Under the Auspices Lancaster County Historical Society and Iris Club. Lancaster, Pa: Press of the Brecht printing Co., 1912.
- Thomas R. Ryan. (2003). World Jacob Eichholtz: Paintings of Early Republic Portrait . University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN: 978-0-9740162-1-4.
- Rebecca Beal papers, 1949-1982, Eichholtz's great-grandchild, The Smithsonian Archives of American Art
- Thomas R. Ryan. "Jacob Eichholtz, Painting Portrait". Antiques and Pure Art.
- Milley, John Calvin. Jacob Eichholtz, 1776-1842, Pennsylvania Portrait. Master's thesis, University of Delaware, 1960.
External links
- "Jacob Eichholtz's paintings at the National Art Gallery". Ã,
- "Jacob Eichholtz". ArtCyclopedia. Ã,
- Thomas R. Ryan. Jacob Eichholtz (1776-1842), Lancaster County Historical Society
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