Christian Louboutin ( French: Ã, [k? is.tj ?? lu.bu.t? ?] born January 7, 1964) is a French fashion designer whose high-end stiletto shoe incorporates a glossy, red-varnished sole that has become his signature. Originally a freelance designer for a fashion house, he started his own shoe salon in Paris, with his shoes finding help with celebrity clients. He has partnered with other organizations for creative projects including limited edition editions, gallery exhibitions, and even specialty bars. Since then, his company has branched off into men's footwear, handbags, fragrances, and makeup.
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Louboutin was born and raised in Paris's 12th arrondissement. He was the only son of Roger, a cabinet maker, and Irene, a housewife, both French, from Brittany. He has three sisters. Louboutin said in an interview in 2012 that he "skinned much darker than anyone else in his family.You know, I feel I am not a Frenchman My family is very French and so I decided they might adopt me but instead felt it was horrible and that I is an outsider who must go and find my true family, I find my own history, full of character from Egypt because I really like the pharaohs. "He happened to find, following a revelation by one of his sisters in 2014 that the father his realborn is an Egyptian, with whom his mother Irene has had a secret affair.
Louboutin was expelled from school three times and then decided to run away from home at the age of 12, at which point his mother allowed him to move to stay at a friend's house. He faced many contradictions when he decided to leave school. However, he claims that what helped him make the decision was a TV interview with Sophia Loren, where he introduced his sister, saying he had to leave school when he was only 12 years old, but when he was 50 he earned a degree. He then commented, "Everyone claps and I think, 'Well, at least if I regret it I will be like Sophia Loren's sister!'"
Maps Christian Louboutin
Personal life
Landscape architect Louis Benech has been his partner since 1997. Louboutin and his colleagues spend time among their homes in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, a fishing hut in Lisbon, Portugal, a house in Melides, Portugal, a house in Comporta, Portugal, a palace in Aleppo, a houseboat on the Nile baptized Dahabibi-my love boat , and a house in Luxor. The Luxor domicile is a former craftsman workshop, made of ground bricks, where it has added additional flooring and belvedere roofing. In addition, he shares a 13th century castle in Venden with his business partner Bruno Chamberlain.
Careers
Louboutin began sketching shoes early in his teens, ignoring his academic studies. Passing through the punk phase, he was in several films, including the 1979 Race d'ep and The Homosexual Century, which drew the attention of English-speaking audiences. His first job was at Folies BergÃÆ'¨¨res, a cabaret where he helped the entertainers backstage. He also fixtures in the city party scene, night clubbing away with Mick Jagger and Andy Warhol.
His small training included drawing and decorative art at the AcadÃÆ'Â © nie d'Art Roederer. Louboutin claimed his interest in shoes began in 1976, when he visited the Musée des des de l'Esprique d'd'Acrique on the Daumesnil avenue. It was there that he saw a sign from Africa forbidding women to wear sharp stilettos into the building for fear of damage to large wooden floors. This picture remains in his mind, and he then uses this idea in his design. "I want to oppose it," Louboutin said. "I want to create something that breaks the rules and makes women feel confident and empowered."
Fascinated by world culture, he fled in his teenage years to Egypt and spent a year in India. Louboutin returned to Paris in 1981, where he compiled an elaborate portfolio of elaborate heels. He took her to the upper couture houses. The effort resulted in a job with Charles Jourdan. Furthermore, Louboutin meets Roger Vivier, who claims to have found a stiletto, or a lace-up heel. Louboutin became an apprentice at the Vivier atelier.
Going to serve as a freelance designer, Louboutin designed women's shoes for Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Maud Frizon. In the late 1980s, he turned from the fashion world to become a landscape gardener and contributed to Vogue but failed to work with shoes and founded his company in 1991.
With funds from two supporters, he opened a Paris shoe parlor in 1991 with Princess Caroline of Monaco as her first customer. He praised the shop one day when a fashion journalist was present, and subsequent publications of the princess's comments helped greatly increase Louboutin's popularity. Clients such as Diane von FÃÆ'¼rstenberg and Catherine Deneuve followed suit. Later, those interested in his stiletto heels include Christina Aguilera, Shirley Coates, Joan Collins, Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Tina Turner, Marion Cotillard, Nicki Minaj, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Blake Lively. Sarah Jessica Parker wore a pair of shoes by Louboutin for her wedding. Britney Spears wore a pair of high-heeled Louboutin in her music video "If U Seek Amy" which was not available for sale until a month after the video was released.
Louboutin has occupied the Luxury Luxury Brands Status Index (LBSI) during the Luxury Institute for three years; the brand offer was declared the Most Prestigious Shoes of Women in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2011, Louboutin became the most sought-after online shoes brand.
Shoes
Louboutin helped bring the stiletto back into vogue in the 1990s and 2000s, designing dozens of styles with heels as high as 120 mm (4.72 inches) and taller. The designer's goal is to "make women look sexy, beautiful, to make her legs look as long as [she] can". Although it offers some lower styles, Louboutin is generally associated with more stylish evening outfit designs with gems, bows, feathers, patent leathers, red soles, and other similar decorative touches. He is most popularly known for his red leather soles in high heels, commonly referred to as "sammy red soled shoes".
The first red mark was made in 1993. "My sketch is not reproduced exactly as I designed it and I do not know why.The two-dimensional sketch is very strong on paper, but when it turns into a three-dimensional object, it somehow lacks energy. trying different things to turn on the design, I spontaneously grabbed my assistant's red nail polish and painted his soles.I knew immediately that this would be a success! ".
The red-down Christian Louboutin color code is Pantone 18-1663 TPX.
His biggest client is the American novelist Danielle Steel, who is known to have more than 6,000 pairs and is known to have bought up to 80 pairs when shopping at his shop.
Trademark litigation
The red soles are protected as trademarks in some countries, and litigation has occurred in various disputes where Louboutin claimed infringement of its rights. Litigation generally also involves discussion of the validity or scope of trademark protection.
- Belgium - Louboutin vs. Dr. Adams Footwear
In 2013, Louboutin filed a trademark infringement claim against Benelux's trademark. Adams. The First Instance Court of Brussels declares a trademark but is invalid. The decision was overturned by the Brussels High Court, which banned the sale of shoes with red soles. Adams.
- French - Louboutin vs. Zara
In France, first the Louboutin trademark is considered legitimate, but not violated by Zara. However, the Court of Appeal considers the French trademark invalid. The final decision was upheld by the French Supreme Court in 2012.
- Dutch - Louboutin vs. Van Haren
In 2012, in the Netherlands, Louboutin started litigation, also under the Benelux trademark, against the shoe retailer Van Haren, who tried to stop him from selling red-soled shoes "5th Avenue by Halle Berry". The Hague District Court proposes by 2015 to ask preliminary questions to the European Court that it deems necessary to determine whether the trademarks will be valid. In June 2018, the European Court ruled that the color trademark to be placed on the sole may apply. Based on this decision, The Hague Court can make a decision on its validity.
- United States - Christian Louboutin vs. Yves Saint Laurent
In 2011, the company Christian Louboutin filed a US trademark infringement claim against his red-soled shoes against designer Yves Saint Laurent. The company expects that the design of YSL shoes will be lifted and seek US $ 1 million in damages. However, in August 2011, US District Judge Victor Marrero rejected the company's request to stop selling women's shoes with red soles by Yves Saint Laurent. The judge questioned the validity of the trademark, wrote, "Louboutin's claim will throw red clouds across the industry, brake on what other designers do, while allowing Louboutin to paint with a full palette." Judge Marrero also wrote, "Louboutin can not possibly prove that its red outsole brand is entitled to trademark protection, even if it has gained enough public recognition in the market to gain secondary meaning." In a thirty-two page decision, Judge Marrero compared fashion designers to painters and noted how creativity for both depends on the use of color as an "indispensable medium" that "plays a unique role." The Court observes that: "The law should not restrain restraint that would interfere with creativity and impede competition by one designer, while giving other monopolies invested with the right to exclude the use of ornamental or functional media necessary for the most free and most productive artistic expressions. all involved in the same company. "Tiffany & amp; Co., which has its trademark blue box, filed a brief amicus curiae that supports rights to color trademarks. In September 2012, the court finally ruled that Louboutin retained the exclusive right to use red at the bottom of his shoe whenever the outside of the shoe is any color other than red, while Yves Saint Laurent can continue to sell the shoes in sole red as long as all the shoes are red. YSL monochromatic shoes - red top, red outsole - where the initial suit has been taken and against which Louboutin has tried and failed to get the initial order, because it will not violate the trademark being pruned.
- Switzerland - Christian Louboutin vs. EidgenÃÆ'¶ssisches Institute fÃÆ'¼r Geistiges Eigentum (IGE)
The Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property rejected the renewal of the Louboutin trademark to Switzerland in 2011, given the trademark is not valid. The Swiss Federal Supreme Court confirmed the unauthorized trademark in Switzerland in February 2017.
Turnover and price
In its first year of business, Louboutin sold 200 pairs of shoes. By 2012, it sells 700,000 a year and its revenue is expected to grow at an annual rate of 40 percent. In terms of market share, the US is responsible for 52 percent of Louboutin's sales; Europe, Middle East and Russia, 30 percent; and Asia & amp; Japan, 18 percent. 95% of the company's annual income of $ 300 million comes from shoes, with the rest coming from purses and bags. They expect bag volume to eventually represent 20% of their annual sales.
Wholesale purchases are represented in 2009 88% of businesses. Abroad, the company has partnered with Pedder Group of Hong Kong for distribution in their Asian markets and the Chalhoub Group of the United Arab Emirates for their representation in the Middle East.
In March 2012, the company employs 420 staff members (referred to as Loubi's Angels) worldwide. Most footwear is produced and manufactured at its factory in Milan, but it also has a small workshop on Rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau, for private clients and one of a kind creations.
Louboutins can sell from $ 495 and higher, with a pair of crystals studded up to $ 6,000. The base price for a specially made Louboutin pair is $ 4,000. If the style already exists, it is a standard price plus 30%.
Brand extensions
Louboutin has said over the past decade, he has been offered licensing deals in everything from cars and sunglasses to swimsuits and ready-to-wear, but has rejected it because he does not want his name to be a licensable one. In 2003, his first extension outside the shoe was the introduction of his purse and wallet.
In 2011, he launched a collection of men's shoes at a new exclusive store in Paris. Two explanations are given why Louboutin started his line of men. The first is the story of a French woman who asked her to make a pair of shoes for her huge legs. He made 13 1/2 shoes for him, but he did not buy it. Instead, he gave it to a friend who gave it to her husband. The second story is the idea of ​​starting a line of men coming from musicians Mika, who asked Louboutin to design all the shoes for his show for the tour. He also noticed, "There are a group of men who think a little more like women, they are eager to buy 'new things.' I noticed in blogs, for example, that men are very serious about their shoes now. They treat shoes as objects, as collectors. Of course, there are still more conservative groups in their tastes, wanting to hand over their shoes to their son or say they have a pair of shoes for 25 years ". A unique feature introduced is Tattoo Parlor, where customers can take digital photos of their ink and embroider onto their shoes, or embroider signatures in addition to choosing a design by Christian Louboutin for a starting price of about $ 8,000.
In 2012, Louboutin partnered with Batallure Beauty LLC to launch the Christian Louboutin Beautà ©  © to enter the luxury beauty market. Catherine Roggero is New York-based general manager for Christian Louboutin, an effort between Christian Louboutin SAS and Batallure Beauty. Roggero "will be responsible for developing the Louboutin beauty business."
On July 23, 2014, Christian Louboutin BeautÃÆ'Â © launched a series of nail nails, exclusively debuting in red, Rouge Louboutin, at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York and 15 US boutiques. To support this launch, high-end department stores created Loubiville, a visual display of five windows. This broader range is distributed on August 6, 2014 to Bergdorf Goodman, Neiman Marcus, Nordstrom, and select the Sephora boutique. This product is a logical brand extension, as nail polish assistant is a boost for the shoes' red soles. Just like shoes, the polish receives attention because of its provocative form, long spiked hat, designed to resemble a calligraphy brush or nail.
By 2015, he expanded his skills into a beautiful collection with lipstick. The tube was inspired by Babylonian architecture and Middle Eastern antiques. By 2017, it offers 38 tones, divided into three collections.
Louboutin entered the perfume market in 2016 with the release of three parfums: Bikini Questa Sera, with jasmine and tuberose notes; Tornade Blonde, with a note of roses and cassis; and Trouble in Heaven, with notes of patchouli and amber. The bottles were designed by Thomas Heatherwick's studio, which is also responsible for designing a 2012 Olympic cauldron.
Project
In 2007, he collaborated with filmmaker David Lynch on Fetish , an exhibition of his shoes in the photos of Lynch as objects of erotic sculptures including ballet pumps made vertically by unlikely heels, or shoes with heel projecting inches outside the sole (Vienna heel). He partnered once more with Lynch and Swizz Beats to write music when Louboutin directed a show at Crazy Horse, called Feu , which runs from 5 March to 31 May 2012.
In association with Bergdorf Goodman, he held a competition for design students at Parsons New School for Design who graduated in 2010 and 2011, encouraging them to create clothing inspired by Louboutin's silhouette over the past two decades, as well as a collection of brand new capsules..
In 2011, Louboutin celebrated its 20th anniversary with a new self-titled book, published by Rizzoli. Tied with pink imitation leather with gold-plated pages and five-fold folding covers, this book covers the designer's most iconic style as well as insight into the effects and photos of his personal archive. American actor John Malkovich, who is a close friend of Louboutin, gave the book an introduction, while some of the photography belonged to David Lynch. The book is divided into six chapters: the first document of Louboutin's biography, which records his early work for Chanel and Yves Saint Laurent; the second saw a variety of international store interior labels; the third graph of 20 years of Louboutin design, the fourth featuring intimate photographs of the designer's Parisian and Egyptian homes, while the fifth and sixth explores his collaboration. The retail price of the book at launch was US $ 150.
In 2012, he was commissioned by Disney to create a pair of modern Cinderella-inspired sandals limited to 20 pieces, to complete the Cinderella release: the Blu-ray Edition Combo Package in the fall. Louboutin also appeared in Disney which produced a short 10 minutes called The Magic of the Glass Slipper: A Cinderella Story, a bonus feature on Cinderella Blu-ray DVD. He also partnered with Mattel in the same year to make a limited edition "Louboutin Barbie". The first in the series is a Barbie-themed cat burglar, which sells for $ 150 and sold out on the first day.
At Gray Goose Winter Ball 2012, he designed his dream cocktail bar for the benefit of the Elton John Foundation. Dubbed the Crazy Luxor bar , this sculptural piece is shaped like a stiletto and finished in a high glossy black lacquer with red trim to echo the designer red marks. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs on the bar facade were to honor his love for Egypt. The bar is then auctioned on Taste themed ball architecture on October 29, 2012 at Battersea Park, London.
Also in 2012, iPhone apps launched allow users to view seasonal collections, watch brand videos, create a wish list brand, find a store, and see a feature called '20 Ans '('20 years'), which shows design hand drawn from a shoe Louboutin and finished products.
Louboutin was also one of the judges at the Martini Royale Founding Party to discover a new face from the drink brand.
In 2013, Louboutin is celebrated at Toronto's Design Exchange with a comprehensive exhibition featuring themes of women's shows, amulets, construction, and travel.
On October 12, 2017, Louboutin launched a new project in collaboration with Indian haute couture designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee. This line features fifteen female styles and four male styles, each unique design influenced by Indian textiles, embroidery, patterns, and art. Louboutin noted his excitement about working with Indian crafts, stating he found it to be the best in the world.
Shop
In spring 2012, the company opened the first men's clothing store in New York City, with over 93 square meters (1,000 square feet) of space and is located next to the existing Horatio Street store. From previous experience at his shop in Paris, Louboutin claims that women feel uncomfortable when men look at them as they try on shoes, then the shops are separated.
The first Louboutin Men's Boutique, Christian Louboutin Boutique Homme at Rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Paris, opens in the summer of 2012.
Christian Louboutin Miami is located on 40th Street in Miami's Design District, Florida. Louboutin opted to open a shop in Miami for a mixture of businesses, small urban scales, and the following obvious things there. During the Basel Basel art exhibition when the store opened in 2009, he said, "You do not get it with Europeans - but Americans actually come to my office in Paris to meet me, and many of those people are from Miami. " The boutiques store the most colorful, stringy, looming Louboutin style, due to the subtropical climate and the fact that, Louboutin says, "people barely walk on the street."
The 2,400 square foot space was designed by Eric Clough and 212box. On a steel tent shaped like a Louboutin shoe in a profile, with a red bottom for booting, pink orchids sprout from the coral facade. There are many more orchid projects from the walls in the incoming gallery. Pantyhose has been recycled by Dutch artist Madeleine Berkhemer into a multi-colored sculpture stretching over an empty concrete floor with some distinctive Louboutin boots hanging over a mesh of nylon threads like an insect trapped in a psychedelic spider web. This L-shaped room encloses two sides of a rectangular volume almost entirely covered by a one-way mirror: a box containing merchandise for sale while allowing people who have just come in the front door to "watch others fall in love with their shoes," Clough said.
The inside area of ​​the store is determined by the lush red carpet. Blue glass hanging lamps hang from the ceiling. Hieroglyphics, symbols and Braille engraved on Codebox Tiles wood lining the interior walls of the store. hiding the words of poetry by contemporary American poet Lyn Hejinian in plain sight, in the carved wooden tiles lining the gallery wall behind the orchid. "This is my way/Want to get in and/Get out of heaven.../full Windows at 5 pm/My skull somewhere/Except that I consider the space as more interesting," the lines are ringing. This coded tile appears in many Clough-designed Louboutin stores around the world, including SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo, Brazil.
Forgery
The Louboutin website itself sells some of their products online, and contains a statement that it is the only legitimate online source with the word Louboutin in the domain name to do so. Legitimate Louboutin Shoes can also be purchased at the store and online from top-end retailers such as Harrods, Harvey Nichols, Selfridges, Joseph, Browns, Matches, Cricket and Cruise, and online through Net-a-Porter and DesignerPlug in the UK. Barneys, Saks Fifth Avenue, Neiman Marcus, Bergdorf Goodman, and Nordstrom sell original Louboutin in the US. In Canada, Christian Louboutin shoes are available from Holt Renfrew and Davids.
Online, fake Louboutin shoes available. In recent years, the company has served hundreds of DMCA notices on Google to remove many sites that sell counterfeit goods from their search results.
The company creates a separate website that focuses on protecting the brand and details more than 3,000 websites selling counterfeit goods, many of which have been shut down.
Movieography
- 1985: La Nuit Porte Jarretelles by Virginie ThÃÆ' Â © venet
- 1987Ã,: Jeux d'Artifices by Virginie ThÃÆ' Â © venet
- 1994: La Folie Douce by FrÃÆ' © dÃÆ' Â © ric Jardin
- 2009: La TraversÃÆ' Â © e du DÃ © Â © sir by Arielle Dombasle
- 2018: Alien Crystal Palace by Arielle Dombasle
In popular culture
Carrie Bradshaw's character, played by Sarah Jessica Parker, wears many pairs of shoes designed by Louboutin from season 3 to 6, especially in season 3 ("Sex And The City Other City ") with two different Metallic Red Colors, and Season 4 finale" I Heart NY ".References
Periodicals
- Shoes News , June 1, 1992, p. S8; December 9, 2002, p.Ã, 50
- Harper's Bazaar , December 1999, p.Ã, 104; April 2001, p.Ã, 226
- Newsweek International , February 24, 2003, p.Ã, 48
- People , February 10, 2003, p. 87-88
- Vogue , June 2004, p.Ã, 206
External links
- Official website
- Christian Louboutin in Model Mode Directory
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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