fire door is a door with fire resistance rating (sometimes referred to as fire protection rating for closure) used as part of a passive fire protection system to reduce the spread of fire and smoke between compartments separate from the structure and allows a safe exit from the building or structure or vessel. In the North American building code, it, together with a fire damper, is often referred to as closure , which can be derived compared to the separation of the flame containing it, provided this barrier is not a firewall or occupancy separation. In Europe, the national standard for fire doors has been aligned with the introduction of the new EN 16034 standard, which refers to fire doors as sets of fireproof doors . Beginning in September 2016, common CE marking procedures will be available to remove the trade constraints within the EU for this type of product. In the UK, it is Part B of the Building Regulations which sets minimum requirements for fire protection that must be applied in all dwellings, including the use of fire doors. All fire doors should be fitted with appropriate fire retardant fittings, such as truss and door hardware, in order to fully comply with fire regulations.
In the UK, the British Woodworking Federation outlines the differences between 'Fire Doorset' and 'Fire Door Assembly' (here)
Video Fire door
Components
Fire doors can be made from a combination of materials, such as:
- Glass section
- Gypsum (as an endothermic contents)
- Steel
- Wood
- Vermiculite Board
- Aluminum
- GI
Both the door leaf (door swing panel) and the door frame are required to meet the guidelines of the testing agency providing the product list. Door frames include fire or smoke seals, door hardware, and structures that hold fire-door assemblies in place. Together, these components form assembly, usually called "doors" that hold numerical ratings, measured in hours of resistance to fire test. All fire door assembly components must have a record labeling agent (with the exception of ball-bearing hinges meeting the basic requirements of ANSI 156.2 and NFPA 80 construction) to ensure components have been tested to meet fire rating requirements.
Hardware door
Hardware doors include, but are not limited to:
- Automatic closing device or object
- Ball bearing hinges
- Gas seal
- Positive locking mechanism
- Smoke seal
Seals
The edge of the fire door should normally have a fire indicator seal that may consist of:
- The intumescent strip, which expands when exposed to heat
- Gaskets to prevent smoke from passing
- weatherstripping
When the intumescent seal is used in the door design, the correct use of seals is critical in the performance of fire ratings on door assembly. Seals may vary in chemical composition, expansion rate, expansion volume, and/or charring characteristics.
Windows
Some fire doors are equipped with internal windows that also have ratings, or have been entered during door test and are subject to the overall door product certification. The fire-resistive window must remain intact under fire conditions and hose-impact resistance, and may include:
- Wire mesh glass - usually Georgia cable
- Sodium silicate liquid fills between two window panels
- Ceramic glass
- Borosilicate Glass
Wired glass is usually fireproof, while liquid sodium silicate also acts to isolate heat transfer, due to this chemical endothermic action.
Maps Fire door
Rule
All components are required to comply with product certification requirements acceptable to the Local Jurisdiction Authority (AHJ) by complying with local building codes and fire code requirements. Regulatory requirements will change from one country to another. For example, in Australia, the National Construction Code states that all fire doors should be tested with certain specifications to meet approval and certification of resistance.
For example, in Britain a refractory vault should be subjected to the Standard British Fire Standard BS 766 Section 22 1987 test or BS/EN 1634-1 2000 test. The results are recorded by the test institution and provided in detailed reports such as construction details, data distortion and pressure readings. The numerical fire resistance rating required to be installed in a particular building is provided in a Building Rule approved by Document B, or the English Standard such as the BS 5588 series (for example, 30 minutes FD30, or FD30 (S) if cold smoke barriers are also required).
Similar technical guidance documents and building regulations apply in other countries.
Combustibility
The fire door does not always burn. It is acceptable for the parts of the door to be destroyed by combustion during exposure to fire during the assembly of the door meets the fire test criteria to limit the temperature on the non-fire side of the assembly. This is in accordance with the overall performance objective of a flame-rated door to slow the spread of fire from one fire-supplied compartment to another for a limited time, in which automatic or manual fire-fighting can be used to limit the spread of fire, or occupants. can get out of the building.
Fire door failure
Fire doors are sometimes supplied incapable of providing fire resistance listed by the intended use of ignorance and related restrictions and requirements, or with improper use. For example, the fire door is sometimes blocked open, or the carpet is run through it, which will allow fire to pass through the fire barrier where the door is placed. The door certification marks are displayed both on the door and door frames of the fire, and should not be removed or painted during the lifetime of the building.
Sometimes fire doors seem to have a very large gap in their legs, even an inch or two, allowing air movement, as in dorm facilities. This can cause residents of a building to question their status as a 'real' fire door. NFPA 80 allows the maximum door to weaken from 3/4 inch but the fire door is tested with a smaller clearance in accordance with NFPA 252. The corridor has a fire rating of one hour or less, and the fire door inside is required by code to have a 1/2 or 1/3 hour fire rating, meaning primarily to limit smoke travel.
Normal operation
Most fire doors are designed to stay closed at all times. Some doors are designed to remain open under normal circumstances, and automatically close in case of fire. Whichever method is used, door movement should not be disturbed by a doorstop or other obstructions. The smoke entrance door and smoke-seal from the fire door should be checked regularly, as should the door action closer and hook.
Some fire doors are held open by electromagnets, which can be transferred to a fire alarm system. If the power fails or the fire alarm is activated, the coil is no longer energized, and the door is closed. Wireless, fire-retaining battery operated can also be used to safely and legally hold open flame gates.
The fire door values ​​are tested to withstand the ASTM E119 standard temperature curve for a given time period. There are 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90-minute-rated fire doors certified by an approved laboratory designated as a National Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL, for example, Underwriters Laboratories). Certification is valid only if all parts of the installation have been determined and installed correctly. For example, incorrect installation of glass type can greatly reduce the fire resistance period of the door.
Installation
As well as making sure the door is hung properly and precisely, it is also very important that where the fire door is installed, any gaps left in the gap between the wall and the door frame should be well filled with refractory material. The fire door is usually installed by a carpenter.
Annual review
In the United States, the NFPA requires annual inspection of fire resistant frame assemblies and assemblies. Local Authority Having Jurisdiction must adopt a new edition to enforce this requirement. Most jurisdictions in the US will adopt the IBC (International Building Code) model code, which refers to the requirements of the NFPA 80 2007 edition, as their local code.
NFPA 80 5.2.4. Requires the following to be verified, at a minimum:
- There are no openings or openings on the surface of the door or frame.
- Glass, vision & amp; lighting frames glass beads intact and securely attached in place, if so equipped.
- Doors, frames, hinges, hardware, and non-burning thresholds are safe, aligned, and working with no visible damage marks.
- No missing or damaged parts.
- Door cleaning on the door of the door frame (Wooden Door), on the pull side of the door, do not exceed the clearances listed in 4.8.4 (free distance below the bottom of the door shall be maximum 3/4 ") and 6.3.1 ( top & amp; tip 1/8 ") Metal door (top & amp; edge up to 3/16")
- The self-closing device is operational; ie, the active door is fully closed when operated from the fully open position.
- If the coordinator is installed, the inactive leaf will close before the leaf is active.
- The hook hardware operates and secures the door while in a closed position.
- Additional hardware items that interfere with or prohibit the operation are not installed in the door or frame.
- There is no field modification on the door assembly that has been done to cancel the label.
- Gasketing and edge seals, if required, are checked to verify their presence and integrity.
According to building and fire regulations, annual fire door inspections are the responsibility of the building owner. However, like other mandatory fire inspections, such as fire suppression inspections, fire door inspections are often ignored and many facilities are not appropriate.
The final decision on acceptance of any examination requires the approval of AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction).
Modify
NFPA 80 includes guides on registered hardware field modifications, including frames, hardware builders, doors, thresholds, etc. The growing field of access control and electronic entry systems has resulted in several fire doors being modified in the field without proper listing agency approval. The modification of the registered assembly field shall be inspected by the representative of the recording agency, or the modification shall be done by the certified personnel to perform the work.
See also
- List of certifications
- Fire protection
- Fire test
- The fireproof rating
- Passive fire protection
- EN 16034
References
External links
- UL treatise on fire doors, hardware and window testing
- Scope for Fire Test from ULB Door Door 10B
- Scope for Positive Pressure Fire Test from UL Door Door 10C
- Scope of Air Leak Testing from UL Door Door 1784
- ULC Treatise on Fire Door & amp; Testing Fire Window
- British rule for fire doors. Guide about fire doors
- Knowledge Center Fire Door
- Institute of Doors and Hardware
- Inspection Scheme of the Door
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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