Ford Madox Brown (April 16, 1821 - October 6, 1893) is a French-inspired, morally and historically French painter renowned for his distinctive and often Hogarthian version of the Pre-Raphael style. Arguably, his most famous painting is Work (1852-65). Brown spent the last years of his life painting Manchester murals, depicting Mancunian history, for Manchester City Hall.
Video Ford Madox Brown
Kehidupan awal
Brown is the grandson of medical theorist John Brown, founder of the Brunonian medical system. His great-great-grandfather was a Scottish worker. His father, Ford Brown, served as a purser in the Royal Navy, including the period served under Sir Isaac Coffin and his time at HMS Arethusa . He left the Navy after the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
In 1818, Ford Brown married Caroline Madox, the old Kentish family, from which her middle name was taken. Brown's parents had limited financial resources, and they moved to Calais to find cheaper lodging, where their daughter Elizabeth Coffin was born in 1819 and their son Ford Madox Brown in 1821.
Brown's education was limited, as families moved frequently between residence in Pas-de-Calais and relatives in Kent, but he showed an artistic flair in copying old master prints. Initially his father sought a naval career for his son, writing to former captain Sir Isaac Coffin. The family moved to Bruges in 1835 so Brown could study at the academy under Albert Gregory. Brown moved to Ghent in 1836 to continue his studies under Pieter van Hanselaere. He moved to Antwerp in 1837 to study under Gustaf Wappers. He continued to study in Antwerp after the death of his mother in 1839. His brother died in 1840, and then his father in 1842.
Maps Ford Madox Brown
Work
Tate's Gallery holds an early example of Brown's work, his father's portrait. He was first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1840, a work inspired by Lord Byron's poem The Giaour (now gone) and then completes the version of the Execution of Mary, the Queen of Scots with his cousin and his future wife Elisabeth Bromley as one of his models. He lived in Montmartre with his new wife and aged father in 1841. He painted Manfred in Jungfrau, inspired by Lord Byron's poem Manfred while he was in Paris.
In 1843 he submitted his work to the Westminster Cartoon Competition, for a composition to decorate the new Westminster Palace. His entry, The Body of Harold Brought before William , did not work. However, his early work was greatly admired by young Dante Gabriel Rossetti, who asked him to become his tutor. Through Rossetti, Brown made contact with the artists who later formed the Pre-Raphael Brotherhood. Although closely related to them, he never really became a member of the brotherhood itself, but adopted the bright colors and realistic styles of William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais. He was also influenced by the works of Holbein which he saw in Basel in 1845, and by Friedrich Overbeck and Peter Cornelius, whom he met in Rome in 1845-46.
Brown struggled to make a mark in the 1850s, with his paintings failing to find a buyer, and he was considered emigrating to India. In 1852 he began to work on two of his most significant works.
One of his most famous drawings is The Last of England , painted from 1852 to 1855, which was sold in March 1859 for 325 Guineas ( 2010: Ã, Â £ 26,700 ). It depicts a pair of emigrants who were attacked as they sailed on a ship that would take them from England forever. It was inspired by the departure of the pre-Raphael sculptor Thomas Woolner, who had gone to Australia. In an unusual tondo format, the painting is structured with the characteristics of Brown's linear energy, and the emphasis on details seems odd and shallow, like cabbage hanging from the sides of the ship. Husband and wife are portraits of Brown and his second wife Emma.
The most important Brown painting is Work (1852-1865), starting at Hampstead in 1852 and which he showed at his retrospective exhibit in 1865. Thomas Plint raised funds to allow Brown to complete his work, anticipating getting the finished painting, but died in 1861 before the painting was finished. In this painting, Brown attempts to portray the totality of the mid-Victorian social experience in a single image, depicting the 'navvies' digging the way (Heath Street in Hampstead, London) and disrupting the old social hierarchies as they do so. The image erupts into details that multiply from the dynamic center of action, as workers tear open holes in the streets - and, symbolically, in the social order. Each character represents a particular social class and role in a modern urban environment. Brown wrote the catalog to accompany the special exhibition Work. This publication includes a broad explanation of Work which leaves many unanswered questions. Brown's concern for social issues discussed at Work encouraged him to open a hungry kitchen in Manchester, and to try to help urban unemployment find work by setting up a job market.
Brown found customers in northern England, including Plint, George Rae from Birkenhead, John Miller of Liverpool, and James Leathart from Newcastle. In the late 1850s, he lost his temper with the poor reception he received at the Royal Academy and stopped showing his work there, refusing an offer from Millais to support him as a member of the association. He founded the Hogarth Club in 1858, with William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones, and his former disciple Rossetti. After a successful period of several years, the club reached more than 80 members, including some prominent members of the Royal Academy, but Brown resigned in 1860, and the club collapsed in 1861.
From the 1860s, Brown also designed furniture and stained glass. He is the founding partner of design company William Morris, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & amp; Co., in 1861, which was dissolved in 1874 with Morris continuing his own efforts. He is a close friend of landscape artist Henry Mark Anthony.
Brown's great achievement after the Work is The Manchester Murals , a cycle of twelve paintings in the Great Hall of Manchester Town Hall depicting the history of the city. Brown will be 72 by the time he finishes the mural. In total, he took six years perfecting the mural, which was his last major work.
Family
Ford Madox Brown got married twice. His first wife Elizabeth Bromley was his first cousin, the daughter of his mother's sister, Mary. They married in Meopham in Kent in April 1841, shortly before his 20th birthday and less than a year after the sudden death of his younger sister, Elizabeth. They lived in Montmartre in 1841 with Brown's illegitimate father who died the following summer.
Their first child died young as a baby in November 1842. Their daughter Emma Lucy was born in 1843 and her family moved back to England in 1844. They went to Rome in 1845 to alleviate the illness of his wife, who suffered from consumption (pulmonary tuberculosis -paru). He died in Paris in June 1846, aged 27, on his way back to England from Rome.
Emma Hill became a model often used for Brown since 1848; for example, she is the wife of The Last of England. He became his lover, and they shared a house in London, but the social convention prevented him from marrying an illiterate girl from a mason. Their daughter, Catherine Emily, was born in 1850, and eventually they married at St. Dunstan-in-the-West in April 1853. Their son, Oliver Madox Brown (1855-1874) (known as Nolly) showed promise both as an artist and poet, but died of blood poisoning before his maturity. Nolly's death was a severe blow to Brown, and he kept a room for his son's belongings as a temple. Another boy Arthur was born in September 1856. Brown used Arthur as a model for a baby held by a ragged girl in the foreground Work, but he died at the age of ten months in July 1857.
Her daughters, Lucy and Catherine, are also competent artists. Lucy married William Michael Rossetti in 1874. Catherine, married to Francis Hueffer; through Catherine, Brown is the grandfather of the Ford Madox Ford novelist and great-grandfather of the Frank Soskice Home Workers Secretary.
Brown's second wife died in October 1890, and he died at Primrose Hill in 1893. He was buried at St Pancras and Islington Cemetery in East Finchley. He was given a secular burial, and a funeral oration was delivered by American Moncure D. Conway, a secularist who was later named Conway Hall.
- Brown Family
Heritage
Pub J D Wetherspoon di Oxford Road, Manchester dinamai menurut Ford Madox Brown. Ia menyatakan di situs web Wetherspoon bahwa "pub J D Wetherspoon ini dinamai dari seniman yang sering bepergian, Ford Madox Brown, satu kali penduduk Victoria Park, pinggiran selatan pub." Pub dibuka pada tahun 2007.
Galeri
- Karya Ford Madox Brown
Lihat juga
- seni Inggris
- Seni bahasa Inggris
Referensi
Sumber
- Virginia Surtees (ed), Buku Harian Ford Madox Brown , 1981, ISBNÂ 0-300-02743-5.
- Kenneth Bendiner, Ford Madox Brown: Il Lavoro , Turin: Lindau, 1991.
- Kenneth Bendiner, Seni Ford Madox Brown , Universitas Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1998.
- Tessa Sidey (ed), Ford Madox Brown: The Pre-Raphaelite Tidak Resmi , Museum Birmingham dan Galeri Seni, 2008, ISBN 978-1-904832-56-0.
- Julian Treuherz, Ford Madox Brown: Pra-Raphaelite Pioneer , Philip Wilson Publishers, 2011, ISBN 978-0-856677-00-7, p. 12.
- Angela Thirlwell, Ke dalam Kerangka: Empat Cinta dari Ford Madox Brown , Pimlico, 2011, ISBN 978-1-844139-14-9.
Tautan eksternal
- Pameran Web Museum iBiblio tentang Brown
- Beberapa lukisannya di perpustakaan Seni Rupa Carol Gerten
- Menunggu: Api unggun Inggris 1854-5
- Pendidikan Spartacus: Ford Madox Brown
- Kronologi di Britania Tidak Terbatas
- Beberapa desain kaca patri oleh Ford Madox Brown
- Ford Madox Brown dalam Sejarah Seni
- Daftar foto Phryne di galeri umum
- Foto makam Ford Madox Brown dan artikel singkat tentang waktunya di Finchley
- Paket Pra-Raph Temukan lebih banyak tentang artis, teknik yang mereka gunakan dan garis waktu yang mencakup 100 tahun.
- Ford Madox Brown: Pameran Pendahuluan PreRaphaelite, Galeri Seni Manchester, Sabtu 24 September 2011 - Minggu 29 Januari 2012
- "Kecintaan rahasia Ford Madox Brown": esai tentang Ford Madox Brown dan Mathilde Blind, oleh Angela Thirlwell, dari TLS , 8 Oktober 2008
- Museum Birmingham & amp; Sumber Daya Pra-Raphaelite Galeri Seni mencakup hampir dua ratus lukisan di atas kanvas dan bekerja di atas kertas oleh Ford Madox Brown
- Tim Barringer, 'Brown, Ford Madox (1821-1893)', Kamus Oxford Biografi Nasional , Oxford University Press, 2004; edn online, Mei 2005 diakses 2 Mei 2014
- Biografi Ford Madox Brown, Galeri Seni Manchester
- 78 Lukisan (s) oleh atau setelah Ford Madox Brown di situs Art UK
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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