John Trumbull ( ; June 6, 1756 - November 10, 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War and is renowned for his historic paintings. He has been called the "Painter of the Revolution". His Declaration of Independence (1817) was used on the opposite of a two-week two-week anniversary bill.
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Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1756, to Jonathan Trumbull and his wife, Faith (nÃÆ' Â © e Robinson) Trumbull. His father served as Governor of Connecticut from 1769 to 1784. Both sides of his family were descended from an ancient puritan settler in the state.
The young Trumbull entered the 1771 junior class at Harvard College at the age of fifteen and graduated in 1773. Due to a childhood accident, Trumbull lost the use of one eye, which may have affected his detailed style of painting.
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Revolutionary War
As a soldier in the American Revolutionary War, Trumbull provided certain services in Boston by sketching out plans for British works. He watched the Bunker Hill Battle. He was appointed second personal assistant to General George Washington, and in June 1776, the general deputy general for General Horatio Gates. He resigned from the army in 1777 after a dispute over the suspension of the officers commission.
In 1780, with funds run out, Trumbull switched to art as a profession. He traveled to London, where after being introduced from Benjamin Franklin, Trumbull studied under the guidance of Benjamin West. At West's suggestion, Trumbull painted small pictures of the War of Independence and miniature portraits. He painted about 250 in his life.
On September 23, 1780, British agent Major John AndrÃÆ'  © was arrested by Continental forces in North America; he was hanged as a spy on 2 October 1780. After the news reached Great Britain, anger flared and Trumbull was arrested, having been an officer in the Continental Army with the same rank as Andrà ©  ©. He spent seven months in London's Tothill Fields Bridewell.
After his release, Trumbull returned to the United States on a six-month journey, ending in late January 1782. He later joined his brother David in supplying troops stationed in New Windsor, New York during the winter of 1782-83.
Postwar Years
In 1784, after British recognition of the independence of the United States, Trumbull returned to London to study painting under the West. While working in his studio, Trumbull painted Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of General Montgomery in Attacks in Quebec. Both of these works are now at Yale University Art Gallery.
In 1785 Trumbull went to Paris, where he sketched a portrait of French officers for the Submission of Lord Cornwallis. With the help of Thomas Jefferson, serving there as US minister, Trumbull embarked on the Declaration of Independence. Over the next 5 years, Trumbull painted a small portrait of the signer, which he would later use to collect a larger painting. If the signer is dead, the previous portrait will be copied, as is the case with Arthur Middleton, whose head position stands out in the painting. While visiting each of their signatories or families, Trumbull, always looking for funding, used the opportunity to sell subscriptions to the carvings that would result from the paintings of the American Revolution.
While in Paris, Trumbull is credited for introducing Jefferson to Italian painter Maria Cosway; they become close friends for life. The Trumbull Jefferson painting, commissioned by Cosway, became widely known for later engraving by Asher Brown Durand, which was reproduced.
Tremull's Paintings Declaration of Independence were purchased by the United States Congress, along with <<> Submission of Burgoyne General, The Submission of Lord Cornwallis , and > General George Washington the self of his Commission, all related to the Revolution. All now depends on the rotunda of the United States Capitol. Congress is reportedly only providing sufficient funds to purchase these four paintings.
Trumbull completed several other paintings related to the Revolution:
- The death of General Warren at the Bunker Hill Battle (one version held by the Boston Fine Arts Museum);
- General Montgomery's death in Quebec ;
- Capture the Hessians in Trenton ;
- Mercer General's death at the Princeton Battle ; and
- Sortie by Garnisun Gibraltar, 1789 . It was once owned by Boston Athenaeum and is now held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Middle of the year
Trumbull had a difficult time in which he failed to sell his paintings individually; in 1831 he sold a series of 28 paintings and 60 miniature portraits to Yale University for an annuity of $ 1,000. After years of trying to create income from his paintings, he finally found a way to defend himself from his art. This is the largest collection of his works. This collection was originally stored in neoclassical art galleries designed by Trumbull on Yale's Old Campus, along with portraits by other artists.
His portraits also cover the entire length of General Washington (1790) and George Clinton (1791), which is now held at New York City Hall. New York also bought Alexander Hamilton's complete painting (1805, face source on the $ 10 bill) and John Jay. In 1791 Trumbull was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He painted portraits of John Adams (1797), Jonathan Trumbull, and Rufus King (1800); Timothy Dwight and Stephen Van Rensselaer (both at Yale), Alexander Hamilton (one at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and one at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, both taken from Ceracchi statues), self-portrait (1833), a Washington length, held in Charleston, South Carolina; Washington's complete uniform, General George Washington in Trenton , (1792, at Yale); and portraits of President and Mother Washington (1794), at the National Museum of American History.
Trumbull is painted by Gilbert Stuart and many others.
In 1794 Trumbull acted as John Jay's secretary in London during negotiations with the United Kingdom, which largely completed the border with Canada and began exporting cotton. In 1796 he was appointed by a commissioner sent by both countries as the fifth member of the commission assigned to carry out the seventh chapter of the Jay Treaty, which mediated claims by American and British merchants and opposing governments derived from acts that took place during the war. Shortly after the end of Trumbull service on this commission, he traveled to Stuttgart to take the full carving of the Battle of Bunker's Hill. On his way home he passed Paris and brought the first delivery of the XYZ Events of France.
Next year
Trumbull was appointed president of Academy of Fine Arts of America
in New York City, serving for twenty years, from 1816 to 1836. Emphasizing the classical tradition, Trumbull did not get along with the students. At the same time, his painting skills are declining. In 1825 many disciples resigned, establishing National Academy of Design
. Unable to accommodate a fluttering taste, the American Academy later closed in 1839 after the second fire destroyed his collection.
Trumbull wrote his autobiography, published in 1841. He died in New York City at the age of 87 on 10 November 1843.
Inheritance and honor
- Trumbull was initially buried (along with his wife) under the Art Gallery at Yale University, which he had designed. In 1867, his collection of works was transferred to the newly built Street Hall. The remains of his wife and his wife were interrogated for that reason. The Trumbull Gallery was later destroyed.
- 1965, John Trumbull's Birthplace in Lebanon, Connecticut, was declared a National Historic Landmark.
- 1968, John Trumbull's warning stamp printed.
In popular culture
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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