In arts, crafts, and techniques, masking is the use of materials to protect the area from change, or to focus changes in other areas. This may explain the techniques and materials used to control the development of artwork by protecting the desired area of ​​change; or phenomenon (either intentionally or unintentionally) causes the sensation to be hidden from conscious attention.
The term is derived from the word "mask", in the sense that it hides the face from view.
Video Masking (art)
In the painting
Masking material adds the dexterity of a painter and the choice of applicator to control where the paint is placed. Examples include the use of stencils or masking tape to protect unpainted areas.
Solid mask
Most solid masks require adhesive to hold the mask while work is being done. Some, such as masking tape and folds, are equipped with a glue that has been applied before. Solid masks are available in large quantities, and are used in large painting jobs.
- Paper products
- Kraft Paper
- meat paper
- Masking tape
- Plastic film
- Frisket
- Polyester tape
- Stencils
- Silk screen
Liquid mask
Liquid masks are preferred if precision is required; they prevent the paint from seeping underneath, producing a clean edge. Care must be taken to remove it without damaging the work underneath.
- Latex or other polymers
- Liquid candles
- Gesso, usually the substrate for painting, but also can be applied to achieve masking effect
Maps Masking (art)
In photography
Masks used for photography are used to improve image quality.
The scene representation - whether a movie, a video display, or a print - does not have the dynamic contrast range available to a human eye looking directly at the same scene. Adjusting the contrast in the image helps restore some of the perceived quality of the original scene. This adjustment is usually done on "blown-out" highlights, and "shattered" or "muddy" shadow areas, where clipping occurs; or on desaturated colors. The masks of photography are strange because they are produced from the image they are about to change, a recursion exercise.
Masks are used to produce other effects similar to those used in painting.
Control lighting
Movies
The basic methods for controlling exposure are dodging and burning , each of which lightens (reduces exposure) and darkens (increases exposure) of the image area. The tools used by film photographers range from pieces of black material that are shaped (such as studio foil, foam, and paper) into the hands of photographers.
To create a photographic mask, a negative film sheet of contacts with the original negative film or a positive slide in a certain way. Both films are then combined to produce a positive result. This process is similar when applied using digital techniques: the opposite of working drawings is reduced to the image mask; filters or other adjustments are then applied, using a mask to selectively block portions of the image.
Digital
Image editors offer at least an "Select All" command and a rectangular "tent" selection tool. (The word "marquee" describes the "crawl ant" of the border used to highlight the active region.) After the selection is made, further changes to the image will be limited to that area. To continue editing the rest of the image, the selection is "not selected" or the entire image is selected. The advanced suite offers more ways to select a portion of the image, as well as how to combine these options.
Selected masks can be switched between an editable gray image and mask. They allow users to create masks using the suite paint tool.
Contrast Masking
When the image contrast range needs to be adjusted, contrast mask is a simple solution. The processed image resembles what will be achieved when exposing through a neutral density filter, but the effect is very focused on the extreme areas of the image. The blocking mask area coincides with the highlights of the image, and the permissive area with the shadow, so more detail appears in each.
Movies
Masks are often made from high quality black-and-white films, such as Kodak Technical Pan, which allows for a level of softness on the mask. The working time is reduced so that it does not fully oppose the original negative. Both negatives are combined and registered, and collectively confronted with additional time to compensate for the existence of the mask.
Digital
Contrast masking is made simpler with digital editing. The grayscale version of the image is generated, either by desaturation or by calculating the selected ratio of the image color channel, upside down, and blurring. The original mask and image are combined to produce the final processed image. Some image editors allow enhancement of effects by changing mixed strength.
Contrast Masking can be considered as the opposite of gamma correction, which adjusts the midtones of an image. An effect similar to contrast masking can be achieved by adjusting the response curve of an image.
Remove masking
A derivative of the contrast mask is unsharp masking , an unusual term for a process intended to increase the sharpness (sharpness) of an image. Unsharp masking uses blurred image shapes to increase contrast across regions with moderate contrast differences. Around the edge, the blur area causes the spotlight to overexpose and the shadows become less clear. Taken to the extreme, the edges become too visible and reduce image quality - this is referred to as hala .
Unsharp masking does not improve the actual sharpness , as it can not recover missing details until blurred.
Movies
Unsharp masking allows photographers to sharpen areas that have become opaque in original negatives, due to long shutter speeds/lighting times, or from the use of wide aperture/"fast" lenses.
When creating a non-opaque mask, extra space or spreading material is added between the image and mask to produce the opaque required.
Digital
Unsharp masking has become automated in digital editing, with high-level suites offering processes as "tools" or "filters" in their standard sharpening devices - masking is actually passed over for counting representing mask effects. The process depends on three factors: the radius of the blur, the power of the effect, and the level of the contrasting threshold above where the effect will be applied. (Adjusting thresholds allows editors to selectively apply effects on moderately determined edges and ignore image noise.)
Unsharp masking is computationally more complex than other sharpening algorithms, but produces higher quality. Dekonvolution allows for a more correct sharpening, but is much more complex than not masking.
References
External links
- 3M, manufacturer of various products including pre-recorded masking film
- Related Cat, maker of Liquid H20 Masking
- Grafix, maker of Liquid Frisket
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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