Mutual degradation is an activity to reduce lead levels, especially in home environments, generally to permanently remove lead-based paint hazards, to reduce or eliminate the incidence of lead poisoning.
Decrease in lead can be done in response to orders by the state or local government. This requires special techniques that local construction contractors do not have. These include activities such as lead-based paint inspection, risk assessment and lead-based paint removal.
In the United States, tin reduction activities are regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Individuals and companies performing lead-based paint activities, including deductions, must be certified.
Decrease in lead is distinguished from the Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) program, which is usually done on the property owner's choice for aesthetic or other reasons, or as a temporary control to minimize lead hazards. The RPP program is not designed to permanently remove lead-based paint hazards.
Video Lead abatement in the United States
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The reason that causes paint is a common problem is because of its durability and wide use. It was continuously supported by local and state governments until the 1970s, despite domestic lead poisoning and reports from European countries expressing its toxicity. By 1940, it was generally associated with negative effects. Only in 1970 when the US took action on lead-based paint.
Lead timeline
Maps Lead abatement in the United States
Causes of lead poisoning
Lead can be found in dust, in water, in the air, in gasoline, and on the ground. Lead is a cheap, natural element in relation to its alternatives; because these can be found in many ways like batteries, stained glass, jewelry, pottery, ammunition, pipes, cans, toys, and fish catchers. Mining, fossil fuel burning, and manufacturing have increased lead production.
The occupation and location of a person can greatly increase their chances of lead poisoning. Workers in car repairs, mining, batteries, manufacturing, painting, plumbing, and the construction industry are more open to lead on a regular basis. Poor people or developing countries have a higher likelihood of lead poisoning because environmental gentrification and racism regulate them into areas that have not been evaluated to meet current standards.
Although the use of lead paint has been wiped out, when there are still houses and buildings that do not yet have lead paint removed. The removal of lead paint can also cause symptoms due to dust created in processes that still contain unhealthy lead.
Crisis leads the contemporary in the US.
Flint, Michigan, became relatively well known for its infected water. Untreated water and rotting pipe cause lead levels to increase significantly and become very dangerous if digested. Unfortunately other cities are suspected of having relatively poor water situations due to a recent analysis of the records of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). It is estimated that by 2015 more than 18 million people have been serviced by 5,363 water-filled community water systems that do not meet Tin and Copper Regulations regulations.
An additional 33 cities in the United States have been investigated for violating EPA guidelines when testing their water systems for lead contamination. The results of the document analysis found that in accordance with recent water testing operations in these cities indicated that 23 cities were instructed to run water slowly, reducing the amount of lead escaped from the pipeline. 7 cities are instructed to remove aerators from spouts before running water, which reduces lead content. 21 cities were instructed to "pre-flush" prior to testing performed by the EPA, which affected the amount of lead EPA can detect. This information reveals a previously unknown problem that plagues many US citizens.
Tin mitigation options
Removal of lead paint can cost between 8 and 15 dollars per square foot. A kit offered by the EPA that contains a lead test costs 25 dollars. Once a home is found to contain lead, the owners have four options they can pursue to prevent lead poisoning.
Encapsulation
The least expensive and least complicated strategy. Layers such as paint brushed or rolled onto the surface of lead to create a watertight bond that seals the tin. This is not the most sustainable option, since normal wear and tear for years will eventually weaken the coating.
Enclosure
The lead surface is covered with drywall, aluminum, or vinyl coating. Similar to encapsulation, it is considered relatively inexpensive and unreliable or sustainable.
Deletion
Tin can be removed by techniques such as brushing wire or scratching wet hands with liquid paint remover. Contractors may use electric sander equipped with high efficiency filtered air particulate filter (HEPA) or hot gun. Burning, burning, and sanding machines without HEPA attachments are off limits. This option is the second most expensive and the second most sustainable.
Substitution
The most expensive option, because it requires all of whatever is attached to lead paint to be thoroughly discarded and discarded. This is arguably the most sustainable, since removal requires a lot of resources to be used to clean the lead area, and also produce dust and lead chips that are still very dangerous.
Cost of externalities
The cost of lead cleaning is far less than the amount of lead damage that will accumulate. Replacing aging pipes made with lead with newer and safer alternative pipelines will potentially cost millions per city. The amount of money, energy, and time that people have to sacrifice because lead poisoning affects them will dwarf the amount spent on removing lead. It is difficult to place monetary value on the emotional distress caused by lead poisoning and other lead-related complications, such as tumor growth, but it can be assumed that the cost of work lost under these conditions can be substantial for each patient.
For example, a study in Flint, Michigan, concluded that the average price of a house to replace its water supply is $ 7,500. Newly approved cancer drugs can cost an average of $ 10,000 per month. Initial costs provide many long-term benefits.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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