Lakban , also referred to as the duck ribbon , is a pressure-sensitive pressure band of fabric or scaly, often coated with polyethylene. There are various constructions using different backings and adhesives. One variation is the black gaffer ribbon, which is designed not to be reflectively and removed cleanly, unlike standard tape. Another variation is hot-film tape (non-cloth) tape that is useful for sealing heaters and cooling ducts, produced because standard tape fails quickly when used on heating ducts. Lakban is generally silvery gray, but also available in other colors and even mold designs.
During World War II, the Revolite (later Johnson & Johnson division) developed an adhesive tape made of rubber-based adhesive applied to a durable duck fabric. The tape holds water and is used as a sealing tape in some cases of ammunition during that period.
Video Duct tape
History and etymology
The first ingredient called "duck tape" is a long piece of ordinary duck cotton cloth used to make stronger shoes, for clothing, and to wrap steel or electrical wires to protect it from corrosion or wear. For example, in 1902, the steel cables supporting the Manhattan Bridge were first covered with flaxseed oil and then wrapped with duck tape before being put in place. In the 1910s, certain shoes and shoes used canvas duck cloth for the top or for insole, and the duck ribbon was sometimes sewn for reinforcement. In 1936, the US-based Insulated Power Cables Engineers Association established duck ribbon wrapping as one of the many methods used to protect rubber wires insulated. In 1942, the Gimbel department store offered venetian blinds held together with vertical strips of duck tape. All of the above uses are for plain cotton or linen cloth that comes with no adhesive layer applied.
Various adhesive tapes were used in the 1910s, including rolls of cloth ribbons with one-sided adhesive layers. White tape made of cloth dampened with rubber and zinc oxide is used in the hospital to bind wounds, but other ribbons such as friction ribbons or electric tape can be replaced in an emergency. In the 1930s, the Popular Mechanics magazine described how to make adhesive tapes at home using a plain cloth ribbon immersed in a heated liquid mixture of rosin and rubber from an inner tube.
In 1923, Richard Gurley Drew worked for 3M making masking tape, adhesive tape with a slightly sticky adhesive. In 1925 it became Scotch brand tape. In 1930, Drew developed a transparent recording based on cellophane, called Scotch Tape. These recordings are widely used ranging from the Great Depression to fixing household items. Writer Scott Berkun has written that masking tape is a "practically" modification of this early success by 3M. However, none of Drew's discoveries are based on cloth tape.
The idea for what was to be the tape came from Vesta Stoudt, an army factory worker and mother of two Navy sailors, who fear that the problem with the ammunition box seal will spend precious time on the soldiers in combat. He wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943 with the idea of ​​closing the boxes with fabric tape, which he had tested at his factory. The letter was forwarded to the War Production Board, which put Johnson & amp; Johnson is at work. Revolver Johnson & amp; Johnson has made medical adhesive tapes from duck fabric from 1927 and a team led by Johnny Denoye and Johnson & Johnson's Bill Gross developed a new adhesive tape, designed to tear by hand, not cut with scissors.
Their unnamed new product is made of thin cotton ducks coated with waterproof (plastic) polyethylene with a rubber-based gray adhesive coating (branded as "Polycoat") bonded to one side. It was easy to apply and removed, and was quickly adapted to improve military equipment quickly, including vehicles and weapons. This tape, dyed with a dull, dull standard army, was dubbed "duck tape" by soldiers. Various theories have been proposed for nicknames, including hereditary relations to duck cotton cloth, duck waterproof characteristics, "Water from ducks", and even the name of the 1942 DUKW amphibious military vehicle, pronounced "ducks".
After the war, duck tape products were sold in hardware stores for home improvement. The Melvin A. Anderson Company of Cleveland, Ohio, acquired the rights to the tape in 1950. It was typically used in construction to wrap air channels. Following this application, the name "tape" began to be used in the 1950s, along with silver-gray ribbon products like tin ductwork. Special hot and cold-resistant tapes are developed for heating and air conditioning channels. In 1960 a company of St. Louis, Missouri, HVAC, Albert Arno, Inc., trademarked the name "Ductape" for their "fireproof" tape, which can stay together at 350-400 ° F (177-204). Â ° C).
In 1971, Jack Kahl bought the Anderson company and named it Manco. In 1975, Kahl engineered the tape made by his company. Since the generic term "duck tape" previously used is no longer in use, it is able to trademark the "Duck Tape" brand and market its product complete with a yellow cartoon duck logo. Manco chose the name "Duck" as "a game on the fact that people often refer to tape as 'duck tape ' ", and as a marketing differentiation to stand up against the seller of other masking tape. In 1979, Duck Tape's marketing plan involves sending greeting cards with duck brands, four times a year, to 32,000 hardware managers. This communication mass combined with colorful and convenient packaging helps Duck Tape become popular. From a virtually zero customer base, Manco eventually controls 40% of the US duct tape market. In 2009 Duck Tapes were sold to Shurtape Technologies, owned by the Shuford family in North Carolina.
After benefiting from Scotch Tape in the 1930s, 3M produced military equipment during World War II, and in 1946 had developed the first practical vinyl electrical tape. In 1977, the company sold heat-resistant tape to heat the channel. In the late 1990s, 3M ran a $ 300 million tape duct division, the US industry leader. In 2004, 3M created transparent tape.
According to the ethologist Jan Freeman, the story that the duct tape was originally called the duck ribbon is a "quack ethology" that has spread "because of the reach of the Internet and the appeal of a good story" but "remains a statement of faith, not a fact." He noted that tape was not made of duck fabrics and no evidence of a major source known that it was originally referred to as a duck ribbon. His research does not show the use of the phrase "duck tape" in World War II, and shows that the earliest documented name for adhesive products was "masking tape" in 1960. The phrase "duck tape" to refer to adhesive products did not appear until the 1970s and was not popularized until the 1980s, after the Duck brand became a success and after the New York Times was referred and defined the product under the name "lakban" in 1973.
Maps Duct tape
Producing
Modern tape is made with one of various woven fabrics to give strength. Yarn or thread filler of fabric may be cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon or fiberglass. A very thin gauze fabric called "scrim" is laminated to a low-density polyethylene backing (LDPE). LDPE colors are provided by various pigments; the usual gray color derived from the aluminum powder is mixed into the LDPE. There are two widely-generated broad bands: 1.9 inches (48 mm) and 2 inches (51 mm). Other widths are also offered. The largest commercial roll of duct tape was made in 2005 for Henkel, with 3.78 inches (9.6 cm) wide, 64 inches (64 cm) reel diameter and 650 pounds (290 kg) weight.
General use
Lakban is usually used in situations that require strong, flexible, and very sticky adhesives. Some have long-lasting and weather-resistant adhesives.
The special version, gaffer tape, which leaves no sticky residue when removed, is preferred by gaffers in theater, film and television industry.
Lakban, in his guise as a "racing driver," "racing tape" or "100 miles per hour tape" has been used in motor sports for more than 40 years to improve fiberglass bodywork (among other uses). Racer ribbons come in a variety of colors to help match them to common paint colors. In the UK, this is usually referred to as a "tank tape" in motor sports.
Usage on need of work channel
The product now called duct tape should not be confused with special tape designed to seal the heating and ventilation (HVAC) seat, although this tape can also be called "duct tapes". To provide laboratory data on the latest sealants and tapes, and which are likely to fail, the study was conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Technology Energy Division. Their main conclusion is that one should not use masking tape to cover the channel (they have defined tape as a fabric-based ribbon with rubber adhesive). The tests performed show that under challenging but realistic conditions, the duct band becomes brittle and can fail quickly, sometimes becoming leaky or falling completely.
Public tape does not carry safety certification such as UL or Proposition 65, which means the tape can burn hard, produce toxic fumes; it can cause consumption and contact toxicity; it can have irregular mechanical strength; and the adhesive may have low life expectancy. Its use within channels has been banned by the state of California and by building code in many other places.
Usage in spaceflight
According to NASA engineer Warning Systems, Jerry Woodfill, a 52-year-old NASA veteran, tape has been kept on board every mission since the beginning of the Gemini period. NASA engineers and astronauts have used tape during their work, including in some emergency situations. One such use occurred in 1970 when Woodfill worked in Mission Control, when the square carbon dioxide filter of the Apollo 13 failed command module had to be modified to fit the round container in the lunar module, which was used as a lifeboat after the explosion. route to the moon. A solution used tape and other items on the Apollo 13 board, with the ground crew delivering instructions to the crew. Scrubber CO 2 The lunar version of the module starts working again, saving the astronauts' third life on board.
Ed Smylie, who designed the scrubber modification in just two days, said later that she knew the problem was solved when it was confirmed that the tape was on the spacecraft: "I feel like we're at home," he said in 2005. "One thing that's not once told by a Southern boy is, 'I do not think tape will fix it.' "
Lakban, referred to as "... a nice old American gray ribbon..." is used by Apollo 17 astronauts on the moon to improvise repairs to broken fenders in the lunar rover, preventing possible damage from sprays dust the moon as they drove.
Military use
In the US submarine fleet, the adhesive cloth band is called "EB Green," because the tape used by Electric Boat is green. It is also called "duck tape", "riggers' tape", "hurricane tape", or "100-mph tape" - a name derived from the use of a wide variety of specific tape that should hold up to 100 mph Wind (160 km/h; 87 kn). The tape was so named because it was used during the Vietnam War to repair or balance the helicopter rotor.
Alternate use
The widespread popularity and many uses of tape has made it a strong place in popular culture, and has inspired a large number of creative and imaginative applications.
Ductus ductus occlusion therapy (DTOT) is a method intended to treat warts by masking them with tape for a long time. Evidence of effectiveness is bad; so it is not recommended as a routine maintenance. However, other studies suggest that hymen treatment is more effective than existing medical options.
Lakban has been used for a while to fix the falling iPhone 4 call issue, as an alternative to Apple's own rubber case.
In popular culture
The Duct Tape Guys (Jim Berg and Tim Nyberg) have written seven books on duct tape, in 2005. Their best-selling book has sold over 1.5 million copies and features the use of real and unusual duct tape. In 1994 they created the phrase "it is not broken, it just lacks masking tape". Added to that phrase in 1995 with the publication of their book about WD-40 lubricants is, "Two rules make you live: If it's stuck and should not, WD-40. If it's not jammed and it should be, the duct tape". Their website features thousands of tape-use from people around the world ranging from fashion to auto-fix. The combination of WD-40 and tape is sometimes referred to as a "redneck repair kit".
The Canadian Sitcom Red Green Show Character 's title often uses duct tape (which he calls "secret artisan weapon") as a shortcut for correct binding as well as for unconventional use. The series sometimes features ribbon duct fan creations. The series features a movie based on it titled Duct Tape Forever and some VHS/DVD compilations from the use of the recording event have been released. Since 2000, star series Steve Smith (as "Red Green") has become "Ambassador Scotch Duct Tape" for 3M.
The Discovery Channel series MythBusters features masking tape in a number of myths involving non-traditional uses. Confirmed myths include suspending cars for a period of time, building functional cannon, two-person sailboats, two-person boats (with duct tape), two-person rafts, Roman sandals, a set of chess, water-proof tube leaks, ropes, can sustain the weight of the adult male, hold the car on the spot, the bridge that extends the width of the dry dock, and full-scale functional trebuchet with the tape as the only binder. In the episode of "Duct Tape Plane", MythBusters refines (and eventually replaces) the skin of a light aircraft with duct tape and flies it a few feet above the runway.
The Garrison Keillor radio show A Prairie Home Companion includes comedy comedy commercials sponsored by the "American Duct Tape Council".
Warning duct tape
The tape warning refers to a recommendation made by the US Department of Homeland Security on February 10, 2003, that America should prepare for biological, chemical or radiological terrorist attacks by assembling a "disaster supply package", including masking tape and plastic (perhaps to try to seal one's house against nuclear, chemical, and biological contaminants), among other items.
The recommendation comes amid rising levels of official Ministry threats to "orange", or "high risk", citing "recent intelligence reports".
According to press reports, the recommendation led to a surge in the demand for duct tape.
The media sensation that surrounds the tape is the food for comedians and satirists. Some refer to it as "channel and cover", references for bending and covering.
See also
- Speed ​​ribbon
- List of adhesive tape
References
Specifications
- ASTM International ASTM D5486 Standard Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Tape for Packaging, Closing Boxes, and Sealing, IV type woven fabric
- ASTM D580 Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
- ASTM D4514-12 Standard Specs for Ribbon Friction
- ASTM D2754-10 Standard Specification for High Temperature Pressure-Sensitive Glass Tape Insulation Glass Electrics
- DEF STAN 81-25, Sensitive-Sensitive Adhesive Tape (Waterproof Fabric)
- McDonnell-Douglas DMS1968E
- Lockheed LCP-86-1226-A
- Boeing D 6-8099
- Ford ESB-M3G71-B Specification
- etc.
Books
- "Glue Adhesives and Applied Applications", Istvan Benedek, 2004, ISBNÃ, 0-8247-5059-4
- "Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape", J. Johnston, PSTC, 2003, ISBNÃ, 0-9728001-0-7
- "Sensitive Pressure Formulation", I. Benedek, VSP, 2000, ISBN 90-6764-330-0
External links
- Duct Sealant Longevity
- "Lakban and Cover" Spoof on original video Duck and Cover [1]
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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