Waterproofing is the process of making an object or structure impermeable or watertight so it remains relatively unaffected by water or withstand the entry of water under certain conditions. Such items may be used in wet or underwater environments up to a certain depth.
Waterproof and waterproof often refers to water penetration in the liquid state and may be under pressure, whereas
The hulls and ships were once watertight by applying tar or pitch. Modern goods may be waterproof by using waterproof coatings or by sealing stitches with gaskets or o-rings.
Waterproofing is used in reference to building structures (such as basements, decks, or wet areas), boats, canvas, clothing (raincoats or waders), electronic devices and paper packaging (such as cartons for liquids).
Video Waterproofing
Under construction
In construction, buildings or waterproof structures with the use of membranes and coatings to protect the content, and structural integrity. Waterproofing of building envelopes in construction specifications is listed under 07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection in MasterFormat 2004, by the Construction Specification Institute, and includes roofing and waterproofing materials.
In building construction, waterproofing is a fundamental aspect in creating a building envelope, which is a controlled environment. Roofs covering materials, walls, foundations, and all the various penetrations through these surfaces must be watertight and sometimes waterproof. Roofing materials are generally designed to be waterproof and spill water from sloping roofs, but in some conditions, such as ice containment and on flat roofs, the roof must be waterproof. Many types of waterproof membrane systems are available, including felt or tar paper with asphalt or tar to create a built-up roof, other asphalt waterproofing, ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM rubber, hypalon, polyvinyl chloride, liquid roof, and more.
The walls are not exposed to standing water, and the impermeable membranes used as home fences are designed to be sufficiently porous to allow moisture release. The walls also have steam resistance or air resistance. Wet examination is another aspect of waterproofing. Stone walls are built in a humid resistant way to prevent moisture rising, and concrete on the foundation needs to be waterproofed or waterproofed with a liquid layer, basement waterproofing membrane (even beneath the floor of concrete plate where polyethylene tarps are usually used), or additives on concrete.
In the waterproofing industry, underground waterproofing is generally divided into two areas:
Tanking: This waterproofing is used where the underground structures will sit on the water table continuously or periodically. This causes hydrostatic pressure on the membrane and structure, and requires full encapsulation of the basement structure in the tank membrane, under the slab and wall.
Wet inspection: This is the waterproofing used where the water table is lower than the structure and there is good charging. Membranes are associated with water spilling and the ingress of water vapor only, without hydrostatic pressure. Generally, it combines a damp proof membrane (DPM) to the wall with a polyethylene DPM under the slab. With higher grade DPM, some protection from short-term hydrostatic pressures can be obtained with a higher quality DPM wall transition to a polythene plate under foothold, rather than on a stepping surface.
In buildings that use the protector of the earth, the potential problem is too high moisture, so waterproofing is very important. Water seepage can cause mold growth, causing significant damage and air quality problems. Proper waterproofing foundation walls are required to prevent damage and seepage.
Other special areas of waterproofing are deck roofs and balconies. The waterproofing system has become very sophisticated and is a very special area. Faulty waterproof decks, polymers or tiles, are one of the main causes of water damage to building structures, and personal injury when it fails. Where a major problem occurs in the construction industry is when an improper product is used for the wrong application. Although the term waterproof is used for many products, each has a very specific application area, and when the manufacturer's specifications and installation procedures are not followed, the consequences can be very severe. Another factor, is the impact of expansion and contraction on the waterproofing system for the deck. The deck keeps moving with temperature changes, putting pressure on the waterproofing system. One of the main causes of the failure of the waterproof deck system is the movement of the underlying substrate (plywood) that causes too much pressure on the membrane resulting in system failure. While beyond the scope of this reference document, waterproofing decks and balconies are complexes of many free elements. These include waterproofing membranes used, adequate slope drainage, precise lamp detail, and appropriate construction materials.
Penetration through building envelope must be constructed in such a way that water does not enter the building, such as using flash and special fittings for pipes, vents, cables, etc. Some of the tools are durable, but many are not reliable for waterproofing.
Also, many types of geomembranes are available to control water, gas, or pollution.
From the late 1990s to the 2010s, the construction industry has had technological advances in waterproofing materials, including an integral waterproofing system and more advanced membrane materials. An integral system such as hycrete work in a concrete structure matrix, provides waterproof qualities in the concrete itself. There are two main types of integral waterproofing systems: hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. Hydrophilic systems typically use crystallization technology that replaces water in concrete with insoluble crystals. Different brands available on the market claim similar properties, but not all can react with various cement hydration products and therefore require caution. The hydrophobic system uses fatty acids to block pores in the concrete, preventing waterways.
Sometimes the same material used to hold water from buildings is used to hold water, such as pool liners or ponds.
New membrane materials seek to overcome deficiencies in older methods such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Generally, new technologies in impermeable membranes rely on highly adhesive-based polymeric materials to create a seamless barrier around the outside of the structure.
Waterproofing should not be confused with the roof, because the roof can not always hold the hydrostatic head while waterproofing can.
The standard for bathroom waterproofing in domestic construction has increased over the years, largely due to the general tightening of building codes.
Maps Waterproofing
In clothing
Some clothing, and tents, are designed to provide greater or less protection against rain. For urban use raincoats and jackets are used; for outdoor activities in bad weather there are various hiking outfits. The common descriptions are "waterproof," "waterproof", and "waterproof". These terms are not precisely defined. A bath-resistant garment will usually be treated with a waterproof coating, but not rated to withstand a certain hydrostatic head. It is suitable for protection against light rain, but after a short time the water will penetrate. Clothes that are waterproof are similar, may be slightly more resistant to water but are also not assessed to withstand a certain hydrostatic head. The clothing depicted waterproof will have a water repellent layer, with the stitches also attached to prevent the entry of water to it. Better waterproof clothing has a membrane lining designed to keep the water out but allows the trapped moisture to escape ("breathability") - a completely waterproof clothing will retain perspiration and become damp. Waterproof clothing determines their hydrostatic rating, ranging from 1,500 for light rain, up to 20,000 for heavy rain.
Waterproof clothing is intended for use in weather conditions that are often windy and wet, and usually also windproof.
In other objects
Waterproofing methods have been applied in many types of objects, including paper packaging, cosmetics, and newer, consumer electronics. While it is possible to find a waterproof wrapper or other type of protective case for electronic devices, the new technology enables the release of diverse waterproof smartphones and tablets by 2013. This method is based on a special nanotechnology layer that is a thousand times thinner than humans. hair that protects electronic equipment from damage due to water penetration. Some manufacturers use nano coating methods on their smartphones, tablets, and digital cameras.
A 2013 study found that a nanotextured surface using a conical shape produces a very high waterproof surface. The texture of this nanocone is
Standard
See also
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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