Encaustic Painting , also known as hot wax painting , involves the use of heated bee wax where colored pigments are added. This liquid or paste is then applied to the surface - usually wood is prepared, although canvas and other materials are often used. The simplest of the CRAs can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are some other recipes that can be used - some containing other types of candles, resin resin, linseed oil, or other ingredients. Pure powder pigments can be used, although some mixtures use oil paint or other pigment forms.
Special metal tools and brushes can be used to paint before cooling, or a heated metal appliance can be used to manipulate wax after cooling to the surface. Currently, tools such as heat lamps, hot guns, and other methods to apply heat allow artists to extend their working time with the material. Since the wax is used as a pigment binder, the glass can be carved and painted. Other materials may be enclosed or mounted to the surface, or laminated, using encaustic media to attach them to the surface.
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History
The word encaustic comes from the Greek word enkaustikos which means burning, and this hot element is needed for a painting called encaustic.
This technique is primarily used in portraits of the Fayum mummies from Egypt about 100-300 AD, in Blachernitissa and other early icons, as well as many works by twentieth-century North American artists, including Jasper Johns, Tony Scherman, Mark Perlman, and Fernando Leal Audirac. Kut-kut, a lost art from the Philippines, uses sgraffito and encaustic techniques. It was practiced by the indigenous tribes of Samar island around 1600-1800. Artists in Mexican muralism movements, such as Diego Rivera and Jean Charlot sometimes use encaustic paintings. Belgian artist James Ensor also experimented with encaustic.
The technique of encaustic wax painting is described by the Roman scholar, Pliny the Elder (1885, Book 35, ch 41) in his 1st century Natural History . The oldest encaustic panel painting is a portrait of Romano-Egyptian Fayum mummies from the 1st century BC. (Doxiadis 1995, p.Ã, 193)
In the 20th century, painter Fritz Faiss (1905-1981), a student of Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky in the Bauhaus, along with Dr. Hans Schmid, rediscovered the so-called "Punic wax" encaustic painting technique. Faiss holds two German patents related to the preparation of candles for encaustic painting. One covered the method for treating beeswax so that its melting point was raised from 60 to 100 ° C (140 to 212 ° F). This occurs after boiling the wax in a solution of seawater and soda three times in a row. The resulting hard wax is the same as the Punic candle referred to in ancient Greek writing on encaustic paintings.
Encaustic art has experienced a revival of popularity since the 1990s with people using electric irons, hotplates and styli heated on various surfaces including cards, paper and even pottery. Iron makes producing various artistic patterns easier. Media is not limited to simple designs; can be used to create intricate paintings, such as in other media such as oil and acrylic. Although technically difficult to master, this medium attraction for contemporary artists is dimensional quality and luminous colors.
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Encaustic painter
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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