PEN International (known as PEN international until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual cooperation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous PEN centers in more than 100 countries.
Other objectives include: to emphasize the role of literature in the development of world understanding and culture; fight for freedom of expression; and acts as a strong voice on behalf of writers who are harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
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Histori
The first PEN club was founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, with John Galsworthy as its first President. His first members included Joseph Conrad, Elizabeth Craig, George Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells.
PEN originally stood for "Poets, Essaysists, Novelis", but now stands for "Poet, Author, Editor, Essay, Novelist", and includes the author of all forms of literature, such as journalists and historians.
The club sets the following goals:
- To promote intellectual cooperation and understanding among writers;
- To create a world community of writers who will emphasize the central role of literature in the development of world culture; and,
- To defend lectors against the many threats to their survival emitted by the modern world.
Other PEN presidents include Alberto Moravia, Heinrich BÃÆ'¶ll, Arthur Miller, Mario Vargas Llosa, Homero Aridjis, Ji? ÃÆ' Gru? A and John Ralston Saul. The current president is Jennifer Clement.
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Structure and status
PEN International is headquartered in London and comprises an autonomous PEN Center in over 100 countries worldwide, each of which is open to writers, journalists, translators, historians and others actively involved in every branch of literature, regardless of nationality, race, color, or religion.
This is a non-governmental organization in formal consultative relations with UNESCO and Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.
Charter
The PEN Charter is based on a resolution passed at the International Congress and can be summarized as follows:
Literature , knows no borders and must remain a common currency among people regardless of political or international upheaval.
In all circumstances , and especially in times of war, artwork and libraries, a common humanitarian heritage, should be left untouched by national or political desires.
PEN members should at all times use what effect they have for a good understanding and mutual respect between countries; they promise to do their best to eliminate national race, class, and hatred and to win the ideal of one human being who lives in peace in the world.
PEN stands for the principle of incessant transmission of thought within each country and between all nations, and members promise to oppose any form of oppression of freedom of expression in the country and community in which they are originated, as well as in the whole world wherever this is possible.
PEN states for free press and against arbitrary censors in peacetime. He believes that the advancement of the world necessary to a more organized political and economic order makes free criticism of imperative governments, administrations and institutions. And since freedom implies voluntary restraints, members swear to oppose crimes such as free press as inappropriate publications, deliberate lies, and fact distortions for political and personal purposes.
Authors in the Prison Committee
PEN International Writer on the Prison Committee works on behalf of writers who are persecuted around the world. Founded in 1960 in response to increasing efforts to silence dissent voices by imprisoning authors, the Writer on the Prison Committee monitors cases of 900 authors each year who have been imprisoned, tortured, threatened, attacked, disappeared, and killed for the peaceful practice of their profession. It publishes a bi-annual Case List documenting violations of free expression of authors around the world.
The Committee also coordinates PEN International membership campaigns aimed at ending these attacks and to suppress freedom of expression worldwide.
The International Writer PEN on the Prison Committee is a founding member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), a global network of 90 non-governmental organizations that monitors censors worldwide and defends journalists, writers, Internet users and others who are persecuted for exercising the right to freedom of expression.
It is also a member of IFEX's Tunisia Monitoring Group (TMG), a coalition of twenty-one free expression organizations that began lobbying the Tunisian government to improve its human rights record in 2005. Since the Arab Spring events that led to the collapse of the Tunisian Government, TMG has working to ensure constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression and human rights in the country.
On January 15, 2016, PEN International joined the Freemuse human rights organization and the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, along with seven other organizations, to protest against the 2013 detention and 2015 punishment of musicians Mehdi Rajabian and Yousef Emadi, and filmmakers Hossein Rajabian, and called on the heads of courts and other Iranian authorities to drop charges against them.
PEN affiliate award
Various PEN affiliates offer many literary awards across a wide spectrum.
The warning was officially opened on November 17, 1997.The cast iron sculpture titled Witness , commissioned by the UK PEN to mark the 90th anniversary and created by Antony Gormley, stands outside the British Library in London. It depicts an empty seat, and is inspired by the symbol used for 30 years by the UK PEN to represent writers imprisoned around the world. It was inaugurated on December 13, 2011.
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Members
- Homero Aridjis, President Emeritus.
- Carmen Aristegui
- Margaret Atwood
- Thomas G. Bergin
- Heinrich BÃÆ'¶ll
- Jorge Luis Borges
- Marcelo Moraes Caetano
- J. M. Coetzee
- Joseph Conrad
- Elizabeth Craig
- Sidney Dark
- Hermann Friedmann
- Nadine Gordimer
- Gloria Guardia
- Mario Vargas Llosa
- Robie Macauley
- Thomas Mann
- Predrag Matvejevi?
- Arthur Miller
- Charles Langbridge Morgan
- Toni Morrison
- Octavio Paz
- Harold Pinter
- J. K. Rowling
- Michael Scammell
- George Bernard Shaw
- William Styron
- Luisa Valenzuela
- H. G. Wells
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President
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See also
- International Freedom of Exchange Expression
- International PEN center - 145 PEN centers worldwide.
- PEN UK - PEN International founding center, located in London
- PEN American Center - The largest PEN Center, located in New York City.
- PEN Center USA - The second largest PEN Center, located in Los Angeles.
- PEN Canada - Located in Toronto, Canada.
- Sydney PEN - One of the three PEN centers of Australia, located in Sydney.
- PEN literary awards - as provided by and along with PEN centers around the world.
- Tunisia Monitoring Group
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References
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Bibliography
- Mauthner, Martin (2007). German author in French Exile, 1933-1940 (1st publ. ed.). London: Valentine Mitchell. ISBN: 978-0-85303-540-4. Ã, .
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External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
- PEN UK - PEN International founding center, located in London
- PEN American Center - The largest PEN Center, located in New York City.
- PEN Center USA - The second largest PEN Center, located in Los Angeles.
- PEN Canada - Located in Toronto, Canada.
- Sydney PEN - One of the three PEN centers of Australia, located in Sydney.
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